A Prospective Comparison of Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria, Universal Vital Assessment, and Modified Early Warning Score to Predict Mortality in Patients with Suspected Infection in Gabon

Manus Schmedding Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;

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Bayode R. Adegbite Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;

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Susan Gould Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;

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Justin O. Beyeme Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon;

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Akim A. Adegnika Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
German Center for Infection Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen and Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Martin P. Grobusch Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
German Center for Infection Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen and Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Michaëla A. M. Huson Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

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The quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score has been proposed for risk stratification of emergency room patients with suspected infection. Its use of simple bedside observations makes qSOFA an attractive option for resource-limited regions. We prospectively assessed the predictive ability of qSOFA compared with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), universal vital assessment (UVA), and modified early warning score (MEWS) in a resource-limited setting in Lambaréné, Gabon. In addition, we evaluated different adaptations of qSOFA and UVA in this cohort and an external validation cohort from Malawi. We included 279 cases, including 183 with an ad hoc (suspected) infectious disease diagnosis. Overall mortality was 5%. In patients with an infection, oxygen saturation, mental status, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and all four risk stratification score results differed significantly between survivors and non-survivors. The UVA score performed best in predicting mortality in patients with suspected infection, with an area under the receiving operator curve (AUROC) of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–1.0, P < 0.0001), outperforming qSOFA (AUROC 0.77; 95% CI: 0.63–0.91, P = 0.0003), MEWS (AUROC 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58–0.87, P = 0.01), and SIRS (AUROC 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52–0.88, P = 0.03). An amalgamated qSOFA score applying the UVA thresholds for blood pressure and respiratory rate improved predictive ability in Gabon (AUROC 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68–0.96) but performed poorly in a different cohort from Malawi (AUROC 0.58; 95% CI: 0.51–0.64). In conclusion, UVA had the best predictive ability, but multicenter studies are needed to validate the qSOFA and UVA scores in various settings and assess their impact on patient outcome.

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Author Notes

Address correspondence to M. A. M. Huson, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Rm. F4-217, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands. E-mail: m.a.huson@amc.uva.nl

Authors’ addresses: Manus Schmedding, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, E-mail: mhfe.schmedding@gmail.com. Bayode R. Adegbite, Susan Gould, and Akim A. Adegnika, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, E-mails: aromakobs@gmail.com, goulds606@doctors.org.uk, and aadegnika@cermel.org. Justin O. Beyeme, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon, E-mail: justinomva@yahoo.fr. Martin P. Grobusch, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon, and German Center for Infection Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen and Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, E-mail: m.p.grobusch@amc.nl. Michaëla A. M. Huson, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E-mail: m.a.huson@amc.uva.nl.

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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