Yun SI, Lee YM, 2017. Zika virus: an emerging Flavivirus. J Microbiol 55: 204–219.
Foy BD, Kobylinski KC, Chilson Foy JL, Blitvich BJ, Travassos da Rosa A, Haddow AD, Lanciotti RS, Tesh RB, 2011. Probable non–vectorborne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 880–882.
Deckard DT, Chung WM, Brooks JT, Smith JC, Woldai S, Hennessey M, Kwit N, Mead P, 2016. Male-to-male sexual transmission of Zika virus–Texas, January 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65: 372–374.
Davidson A, Slavinski S, Komoto K, Rakeman J, Weiss D, 2016. Suspected female-to-male sexual transmission of Zika virus—New York City, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65: 716–717.
Russell K et al. 2017. Male-to-female sexual transmission of Zika virus-United States, January–April 2016. Clin Infect Dis 64: 211–213.
Durbin AP, 2016. Vaccine development for Zika virus-timelines and strategies. Semin Reprod Med 34: 299–304.
Nayar R, Wilbur DC, 2017. The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology: a historical perspective. Acta Cytolog 61: 359–372.
Azevedo RSS et al. 2016. Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. I. Fatal disease in adults: clinical and laboratorial aspects. J Clin Virol 85: 56–64.
Azevedo RSS et al. 2018. In situ immune response and mechanisms of cell damage in central nervous system of fatal cases microcephaly by Zika virus. Sci Rep 8: 1.
Perez S et al. 2016. Confirmed case of Zika virus congenital infection, Spain, March 2016. Euro Surveill 21: 30261.
Moreira J, Peixoto TM, Siqueira AM, Lamas CC, 2017. Sexually acquired Zika virus: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 23: 296–305.
Murray KO et al. 2017. Prolonged detection of Zika virus in vaginal secretions and whole blood. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 99–101.
Nicastri E, Castilletti C, Liuzzi G, Iannetta M, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, 2016. Persistent detection of Zika virus RNA in semen for six months after symptom onset in a traveller returning from Haiti to Italy, February 2016. Euro Surveill 21: 30314.
Nicastri E, Castilletti C, Di Caro A, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, 2016. Diagnosis of Zika virus infection in pregnant women travelling to or residing in endemic areas. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 771–772.
Barzon L, Lavezzo E, Palù G, 2017. Zika virus infection in semen: effect on human reproduction. Lancet Infect Dis 17: 1107–1109.
Penot P, Brichler S, Guilleminot J, Lascoux-Combe C, Taulera O, Gordien E, Leparc-Goffart I, Molina JM, 2017. Infectious Zika virus in vaginal secretions from HIV-infected woman, France, August 2016. Euro Surveill 22: 30444.
Prisant N, Bujan L, Benichou H, Hayot PH, Pavili L, Lurel S, Herrmann C, Janky E, Joguet G, 2016. Zika virus in the female genital tract. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 1000–1001.
Harrower J, Kiedrzynski T, Baker S, Upton A, Rahnama F, Sherwood J, Huang QS, Todd A, Pulford D, 2016. Sexual transmission of Zika virus and persistence in semen, New Zealand, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 1855–1857.
Matheron S, d’Ortenzio E, Leparc-Goffart I, Hubert B, de Lamballerie X, Yazdanpanah Y, 2016. Long-lasting persistence of Zika virus in semen. Clin Infect Dis 63: 1264.
Gaskell KM, Houlihan C, Nastouli E, Checkley AM, 2017. Persistent Zika virus detection in semen in a traveler returning to the United Kingdom from Brazil, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 137–139.
Barzon L, Pacenti M, Franchin E, Lavezzo E, Trevisan M, Sgarabotto D, Palù G, 2016. Infection dynamics in a traveller with persistent shedding of Zika virus RNA in semen for six months after returning from Haiti to Italy, January 2016. Euro Surveill 21: 30316.
Atkinson B, Thorburn F, Petridou C, Bailey D, Hewson R, Simpson AJ, Brooks TJ, Aarons EJ, 2017. Presence and persistence of Zika virus RNA in semen, United Kingdom, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 611–615.
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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is an emerging public health problem, associated with increased risk for Guillain–Barré syndrome and adverse fetal outcomes, including congenital microcephaly. Zika virus sexual transmission is known, but detection of the virus in different parts of the female reproductive tract is not well established. In this case report, we describe prolonged detection of ZIKV RNA in the vaginal secretion and endocervical mucosa from a Brazilian woman convalescent to ZIKV infection. A viral load of 2 × 102 copies/mL was detected up to 31 days after symptom onset in both samples. Other biological fluids, including whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, and saliva samples, were negative for ZIKV RNA. These findings advance the understanding of ZIKV infection and provide data for additional testing strategies.
Financial support: This work was supported by grants from CAPES/Brazilian Government (88881.130822/2016-01); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/CNPq (440521/2016-5); and Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia da Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos do Ministério da Saúde (Decit/SCTIE/MS).
Authors’ addresses: Taís E. da Cruz, Raquel P. Souza, Fabrício Morelli, Tamy T. Suehiro, Edilson Damke, Patrícia de S. Bonfim-Mendonça, Vânia R. S. da Silva, and Marcia E. L. Consolaro, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, E-mails: taiselisangela07@gmail.com, raquelpantarotto@gmail.com.br, fahmorelli@gmail.com, tamysuehiro89@gmail.com, edilsondamke@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, vaniasela@gmail.com, and melconsolaro@gmail.com. Sandra M. Pelloso, Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, E-mail: smpelloso@gmail.com.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Yun SI, Lee YM, 2017. Zika virus: an emerging Flavivirus. J Microbiol 55: 204–219.
Foy BD, Kobylinski KC, Chilson Foy JL, Blitvich BJ, Travassos da Rosa A, Haddow AD, Lanciotti RS, Tesh RB, 2011. Probable non–vectorborne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 880–882.
Deckard DT, Chung WM, Brooks JT, Smith JC, Woldai S, Hennessey M, Kwit N, Mead P, 2016. Male-to-male sexual transmission of Zika virus–Texas, January 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65: 372–374.
Davidson A, Slavinski S, Komoto K, Rakeman J, Weiss D, 2016. Suspected female-to-male sexual transmission of Zika virus—New York City, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65: 716–717.
Russell K et al. 2017. Male-to-female sexual transmission of Zika virus-United States, January–April 2016. Clin Infect Dis 64: 211–213.
Durbin AP, 2016. Vaccine development for Zika virus-timelines and strategies. Semin Reprod Med 34: 299–304.
Nayar R, Wilbur DC, 2017. The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology: a historical perspective. Acta Cytolog 61: 359–372.
Azevedo RSS et al. 2016. Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. I. Fatal disease in adults: clinical and laboratorial aspects. J Clin Virol 85: 56–64.
Azevedo RSS et al. 2018. In situ immune response and mechanisms of cell damage in central nervous system of fatal cases microcephaly by Zika virus. Sci Rep 8: 1.
Perez S et al. 2016. Confirmed case of Zika virus congenital infection, Spain, March 2016. Euro Surveill 21: 30261.
Moreira J, Peixoto TM, Siqueira AM, Lamas CC, 2017. Sexually acquired Zika virus: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 23: 296–305.
Murray KO et al. 2017. Prolonged detection of Zika virus in vaginal secretions and whole blood. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 99–101.
Nicastri E, Castilletti C, Liuzzi G, Iannetta M, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, 2016. Persistent detection of Zika virus RNA in semen for six months after symptom onset in a traveller returning from Haiti to Italy, February 2016. Euro Surveill 21: 30314.
Nicastri E, Castilletti C, Di Caro A, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, 2016. Diagnosis of Zika virus infection in pregnant women travelling to or residing in endemic areas. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 771–772.
Barzon L, Lavezzo E, Palù G, 2017. Zika virus infection in semen: effect on human reproduction. Lancet Infect Dis 17: 1107–1109.
Penot P, Brichler S, Guilleminot J, Lascoux-Combe C, Taulera O, Gordien E, Leparc-Goffart I, Molina JM, 2017. Infectious Zika virus in vaginal secretions from HIV-infected woman, France, August 2016. Euro Surveill 22: 30444.
Prisant N, Bujan L, Benichou H, Hayot PH, Pavili L, Lurel S, Herrmann C, Janky E, Joguet G, 2016. Zika virus in the female genital tract. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 1000–1001.
Harrower J, Kiedrzynski T, Baker S, Upton A, Rahnama F, Sherwood J, Huang QS, Todd A, Pulford D, 2016. Sexual transmission of Zika virus and persistence in semen, New Zealand, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 1855–1857.
Matheron S, d’Ortenzio E, Leparc-Goffart I, Hubert B, de Lamballerie X, Yazdanpanah Y, 2016. Long-lasting persistence of Zika virus in semen. Clin Infect Dis 63: 1264.
Gaskell KM, Houlihan C, Nastouli E, Checkley AM, 2017. Persistent Zika virus detection in semen in a traveler returning to the United Kingdom from Brazil, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 137–139.
Barzon L, Pacenti M, Franchin E, Lavezzo E, Trevisan M, Sgarabotto D, Palù G, 2016. Infection dynamics in a traveller with persistent shedding of Zika virus RNA in semen for six months after returning from Haiti to Italy, January 2016. Euro Surveill 21: 30316.
Atkinson B, Thorburn F, Petridou C, Bailey D, Hewson R, Simpson AJ, Brooks TJ, Aarons EJ, 2017. Presence and persistence of Zika virus RNA in semen, United Kingdom, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 611–615.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 322 | 262 | 12 |
Full Text Views | 531 | 8 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 115 | 8 | 0 |