ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Vu DM et al. 2017. Dengue and West Nile virus transmission in children and adults in coastal Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 141–143.
-
2.
LaBeaud AD et al. 2015. High rates of O’nyong nyong and chikungunya virus transmission in coastal Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003436.
-
3.
Select Statistical Services, 2017. Odds Ratio—Confidence Interval—Select Statistical Consultants, 2017. Available at: https://select-statistics.co.uk/calculators/confidence-interval-calculator-odds-ratio. Accessed June 17, 2017.
-
4.
O’Meara WP et al. 2015. Etiology of pediatric fever in western Kenya: a case-control study of falciparum malaria, respiratory viruses, and streptococcal pharyngitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1030–1037.
-
5.
Rafique I, Saqib MAN, Munir MA, Qureshi H, Taseer I-H, Iqbal R, Ahmed W, Akhtar T, Rizwanullah, 2017. Asymptomatic dengue infection in adults of major cities of Pakistan. Asian Pac J Trop Med 10: 1002–1006.
-
6.
Yoon I-K et al. 2015. High rate of subclinical chikungunya virus infection and association of neutralizing antibody with protection in a prospective cohort in the Philippines. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003764.
-
7.
Sutherland LJ, Cash AA, Huang Y-JS, Sang RC, Malhotra I, Moormann AM, King CL, Weaver SC, King CH, LaBeaud AD, 2011. Serologic evidence of arboviral infections among humans in Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 158–161.
-
8.
Mease LE, Coldren RL, Musila LA, Prosser T, Ogolla F, Ofula VO, Schoepp RJ, Rossi CA, Adungo N, 2011. Seroprevalence and distribution of arboviral infections among rural Kenyan adults: a cross-sectional study. Virol J 8: 371.
-
9.
Cromwell EA, Stoddard ST, Barker CM, Van Rie A, Messer WB, Meshnick SR, Morrison AC, Scott TW, 2017. The relationship between entomological indicators of Aedes aegypti abundance and dengue virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005429.
-
10.
Bowman LR, Runge-Ranzinger S, McCall PJ, 2014. Assessing the relationship between vector indices and dengue transmission: a systematic review of the evidence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2848.
-
11.
Vu DM, Mutai N, Heath CJ, Vulule JM, Mutuku FM, Ndenga BA, LaBeaud AD, 2017. Unrecognized dengue virus infections in children, 2014–2015. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 1915–1917.
-
12.
Sang RC, Dunster LM, 2001. The growing threat of arbovirus transmission and outbreaks in Kenya: a review. East Afr Med J 78: 655–661.
-
13.
Kariuki Njenga M, Nderitu L, Ledermann JP, Ndirangu A, Logue CH, Kelly CHL, Sang R, Sergon K, Breiman R, Powers AM, 2008. Tracking epidemic chikungunya virus into the Indian ocean from east Africa. J Gen Virol 89: 2754–2760.
-
14.
Lutomiah J et al. 2016. Dengue outbreak in Mombasa city, Kenya, 2013–2014: entomologic investigations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004981.
-
15.
Chretien J-P et al. 2007. Drought-associated chikungunya emergence along coastal east Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 405–407.
-
16.
Ngugi HN et al. 2017. Characterization and productivity profiles of Aedes aegypti (L.) breeding habitats across rural and urban landscapes in western and coastal Kenya. Parasit Vectors 10: 331.
-
17.
Ndenga BA, Mutuku FM, Ngugi HN, Mbakaya JO, Aswani P, Musunzaji PS, Vulule J, Mukoko D, Kitron U, LaBeaud AD, 2017. Characteristics of Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes in rural and urban areas of western and coastal Kenya. PLoS One 12: e0189971.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1479 | 1025 | 54 |
| Full Text Views | 1556 | 12 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 277 | 13 | 1 |
Acute Flavivirus and Alphavirus Infections among Children in Two Different Areas of Kenya, 2015
Jimmy Hortion
Jimmy Hortion
Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France;
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;
Search for other papers by Jimmy Hortion in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;
Search for other papers by Jimmy Hortion in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Francis M. Mutuku
Francis M. Mutuku
Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya;
Search for other papers by Francis M. Mutuku in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Francis M. Mutuku in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ana L. Eyherabide
Ana L. Eyherabide
Departamento de Pediatría, Sanatorio de Niños, Rosario, Argentina;
Search for other papers by Ana L. Eyherabide in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ana L. Eyherabide in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
David M. Vu
David M. Vu
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;
Search for other papers by David M. Vu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by David M. Vu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Derek B. Boothroyd
Derek B. Boothroyd
Quantitative Science Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;
Search for other papers by Derek B. Boothroyd in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Derek B. Boothroyd in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster
Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster
Departamento de Pediatría, Sanatorio de Niños, Rosario, Argentina;
Search for other papers by Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Charles H. King
Charles H. King
Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;
Search for other papers by Charles H. King in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Charles H. King in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Bryson A. Ndenga
Bryson A. Ndenga
Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
Search for other papers by Bryson A. Ndenga in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bryson A. Ndenga in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
A. Desiree LaBeaud
A. Desiree LaBeaud
Departamento de Pediatría, Sanatorio de Niños, Rosario, Argentina;
Search for other papers by A. Desiree LaBeaud in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by A. Desiree LaBeaud in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Alphaviruses and flaviviruses are known to be endemic in Eastern Africa, but few data are available to evaluate the prevalence of these infections. This leads to missed opportunities for prevention against future outbreaks. This cohort study investigated the frequency of alphavirus and flavivirus incident infections in two regions of Kenya and identified potential risk factors. Seroconversions for alphavirus and flavivirus infections were identified by immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgG-ELISA) in a cohort of 1,604 acutely ill children over the year 2015. The annual incidence was 0.5% (0.2–1.2%) for alphaviruses and 1.2% (0.7–2.2%) for flaviviruses. Overall, seroprevalence was significantly higher for alphaviruses in western Kenya than on the coast (P = 0.014), whereas flavivirus seroprevalence was higher on the coast (P = 0.044). Poverty indicators did not emerge as risk factors, but reliance on household water storage was associated with increased exposure to both alphaviruses and flaviviruses (odds ratio = 2.3).
Author Notes
Conflicts of Interest: C. K. and D. L. report grants from National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study.
Authors’ addresses: Jimmy Hortion, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France, E-mail: jimmy.hortion@ens-lyon.fr. Francis M. Mutuku, Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya, E-mail: fmutuku73@gmail.com. Ana L. Eyherabide, Departamento de Pediatría, Sanatorio de Niños, Rosario, Argentina, E-mail: anaeyherabide@gmail.com. David M. Vu, Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster, and A. Desiree LaBeaud, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, E-mails: davidvu@stanford.edu, elysse@stanford.edu, and dlabeaud@stanford.edu. Derek B. Boothroyd, Quantitative Science Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, E-mail: derekb@stanford.edu. Charles H. King, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, E-mail: chk@case.edu. Bryson A. Ndenga, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya, E-mail: bndenga@yahoo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Vu DM et al. 2017. Dengue and West Nile virus transmission in children and adults in coastal Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 141–143.
-
2.
LaBeaud AD et al. 2015. High rates of O’nyong nyong and chikungunya virus transmission in coastal Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003436.
-
3.
Select Statistical Services, 2017. Odds Ratio—Confidence Interval—Select Statistical Consultants, 2017. Available at: https://select-statistics.co.uk/calculators/confidence-interval-calculator-odds-ratio. Accessed June 17, 2017.
-
4.
O’Meara WP et al. 2015. Etiology of pediatric fever in western Kenya: a case-control study of falciparum malaria, respiratory viruses, and streptococcal pharyngitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1030–1037.
-
5.
Rafique I, Saqib MAN, Munir MA, Qureshi H, Taseer I-H, Iqbal R, Ahmed W, Akhtar T, Rizwanullah, 2017. Asymptomatic dengue infection in adults of major cities of Pakistan. Asian Pac J Trop Med 10: 1002–1006.
-
6.
Yoon I-K et al. 2015. High rate of subclinical chikungunya virus infection and association of neutralizing antibody with protection in a prospective cohort in the Philippines. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003764.
-
7.
Sutherland LJ, Cash AA, Huang Y-JS, Sang RC, Malhotra I, Moormann AM, King CL, Weaver SC, King CH, LaBeaud AD, 2011. Serologic evidence of arboviral infections among humans in Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 158–161.
-
8.
Mease LE, Coldren RL, Musila LA, Prosser T, Ogolla F, Ofula VO, Schoepp RJ, Rossi CA, Adungo N, 2011. Seroprevalence and distribution of arboviral infections among rural Kenyan adults: a cross-sectional study. Virol J 8: 371.
-
9.
Cromwell EA, Stoddard ST, Barker CM, Van Rie A, Messer WB, Meshnick SR, Morrison AC, Scott TW, 2017. The relationship between entomological indicators of Aedes aegypti abundance and dengue virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005429.
-
10.
Bowman LR, Runge-Ranzinger S, McCall PJ, 2014. Assessing the relationship between vector indices and dengue transmission: a systematic review of the evidence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2848.
-
11.
Vu DM, Mutai N, Heath CJ, Vulule JM, Mutuku FM, Ndenga BA, LaBeaud AD, 2017. Unrecognized dengue virus infections in children, 2014–2015. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 1915–1917.
-
12.
Sang RC, Dunster LM, 2001. The growing threat of arbovirus transmission and outbreaks in Kenya: a review. East Afr Med J 78: 655–661.
-
13.
Kariuki Njenga M, Nderitu L, Ledermann JP, Ndirangu A, Logue CH, Kelly CHL, Sang R, Sergon K, Breiman R, Powers AM, 2008. Tracking epidemic chikungunya virus into the Indian ocean from east Africa. J Gen Virol 89: 2754–2760.
-
14.
Lutomiah J et al. 2016. Dengue outbreak in Mombasa city, Kenya, 2013–2014: entomologic investigations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004981.
-
15.
Chretien J-P et al. 2007. Drought-associated chikungunya emergence along coastal east Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 405–407.
-
16.
Ngugi HN et al. 2017. Characterization and productivity profiles of Aedes aegypti (L.) breeding habitats across rural and urban landscapes in western and coastal Kenya. Parasit Vectors 10: 331.
-
17.
Ndenga BA, Mutuku FM, Ngugi HN, Mbakaya JO, Aswani P, Musunzaji PS, Vulule J, Mukoko D, Kitron U, LaBeaud AD, 2017. Characteristics of Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes in rural and urban areas of western and coastal Kenya. PLoS One 12: e0189971.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1479 | 1025 | 54 |
| Full Text Views | 1556 | 12 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 277 | 13 | 1 |