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1.
Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M; WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team, 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLOS One 7: e35671.
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2.
Rose K, Curtis J, Baldwin T, Mathis A, Kumar B, Sakthianandeswaren A, Spurck T, Low Choy J, Handman E, 2004. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in red kangaroos: isolation and characterisation of the causative organisms. Int J Parasitol 34: 655–664.
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3.
Dougall AM, Alexander B, Holt DC, Harris T, Sultan AH, Bates PA, Rose K, Walton SF, 2011. Evidence incriminating midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as potential vectors of Leishmania in Australia. Int J Parasitol 41: 571–579.
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4.
van Griensven J, Carrillo E, López-Vélez R, Lynen L, Moreno J, 2014. Leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed individuals. Clin Microbiol Infect 20: 286–299.
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5.
Mortazavi H, Salehi M, Kamyab K, 2014. Reactivation of cutaneous leishmaniasis after renal transplantation: a case report. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2014: 251423.
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6.
Tuon FF, Bombonatto GM, Battaglin ER, Sakumoto MH, Amato VS, de Camargo RA, Nicodemo AC, 2014. Reactivation of mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis in a renal transplanted patient. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 81–83.
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7.
Tuon FF, Sabbaga Amato V, Floeter-Winter LM, de Andrade Zampieri R, Amato Neto V, Siqueira França FO, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis reactivation 2 years after treatment caused by systemic corticosteroids–first report. Int J Dermatol 46: 628–630.
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8.
Mirzabeigi M, Farooq U, Baraniak S, Dowdy L, Ciancio G, Vincek V, 2006. Reactivation of dormant cutaneous Leishmania infection in a kidney transplant patient. J Cutan Pathol 33: 701–704.
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9.
Mendonça MG, de Brito ME, Rodrigues EH, Bandeira V, Jardim ML, Abath FG, 2004. Persistence of Leishmania parasites in scars after clinical cure of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: is there a sterile cure? J Infect Dis 189: 1018–1023.
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10.
Mandell MA, Beverley SM, 2017. Continual renewal and replication of persistent Leishmania major parasites in concomitantly immune hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114: E801–E810.
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Case Reports: Late Emergence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Immunocompromised Patient in a Non-Endemic Setting
David New
David New
Infectious Diseases Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia;
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Benjamin A. Rogers
Benjamin A. Rogers
Infectious Diseases Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia;
Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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We report a case of reactivation of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in a 40-year-old man from Afghanistan, in the context of immune suppression. His last potential exposure was 7 years before the clinical presentation. To our knowledge, this is the most temporally distant reactivation of cutaneous leishmaniasis reported in a non-endemic country.
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Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: David New, Infectious Diseases Department, Monash Health, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, E-mail: david.new@monashhealth.org. Benjamin A. Rogers, Infectious Diseases, School of Clincal Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, E-mail: ben.rogers@monash.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M; WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team, 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLOS One 7: e35671.
-
2.
Rose K, Curtis J, Baldwin T, Mathis A, Kumar B, Sakthianandeswaren A, Spurck T, Low Choy J, Handman E, 2004. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in red kangaroos: isolation and characterisation of the causative organisms. Int J Parasitol 34: 655–664.
-
3.
Dougall AM, Alexander B, Holt DC, Harris T, Sultan AH, Bates PA, Rose K, Walton SF, 2011. Evidence incriminating midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as potential vectors of Leishmania in Australia. Int J Parasitol 41: 571–579.
-
4.
van Griensven J, Carrillo E, López-Vélez R, Lynen L, Moreno J, 2014. Leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed individuals. Clin Microbiol Infect 20: 286–299.
-
5.
Mortazavi H, Salehi M, Kamyab K, 2014. Reactivation of cutaneous leishmaniasis after renal transplantation: a case report. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2014: 251423.
-
6.
Tuon FF, Bombonatto GM, Battaglin ER, Sakumoto MH, Amato VS, de Camargo RA, Nicodemo AC, 2014. Reactivation of mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis in a renal transplanted patient. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 81–83.
-
7.
Tuon FF, Sabbaga Amato V, Floeter-Winter LM, de Andrade Zampieri R, Amato Neto V, Siqueira França FO, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis reactivation 2 years after treatment caused by systemic corticosteroids–first report. Int J Dermatol 46: 628–630.
-
8.
Mirzabeigi M, Farooq U, Baraniak S, Dowdy L, Ciancio G, Vincek V, 2006. Reactivation of dormant cutaneous Leishmania infection in a kidney transplant patient. J Cutan Pathol 33: 701–704.
-
9.
Mendonça MG, de Brito ME, Rodrigues EH, Bandeira V, Jardim ML, Abath FG, 2004. Persistence of Leishmania parasites in scars after clinical cure of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: is there a sterile cure? J Infect Dis 189: 1018–1023.
-
10.
Mandell MA, Beverley SM, 2017. Continual renewal and replication of persistent Leishmania major parasites in concomitantly immune hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114: E801–E810.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 412 | 332 | 23 |
| Full Text Views | 1132 | 11 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 144 | 10 | 0 |