1921
  1. Home
  2. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  3. Volume 79, Issue 6
  4. Article
Volume 79, Issue 6
  • ISSN: 0002-9637
  • E-ISSN: 1476-1645
Download

Abstract

Deer tick virus (DTV), a variant of Powassan virus (POWV), appears to be maintained in nature in an enzootic cycle between ticks and small mammals. Although POWV infection of human beings is rare, a recent report suggests increasing incidence and the possibility that POWV may be an emerging tick-borne zoonosis. Therefore, we assessed the long-term stability of the POWV transmission cycle in northwestern Wisconsin. Adult and were collected from Hayward and Spooner, Wisconsin, screened for infection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and virus was isolated. Seventeen of 1,335 (1.3%) of and 0 of 222 (0%) of ticks were infected. All isolated virus belonged to the DTV genotype of POWV. These findings suggest stable transmission of POWV in this focus over ten years and highlight the potential for this agent to emerge as a public health concern.

Copyright 2008 The American Society of Tropical Medicine
Loading

Article metrics loading...

The graphs shown below represent data from March 2017
/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.971
2008-12-01
2019-11-12

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.971
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/14761645/79/6/0790971.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.971&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Gritsun TS, Lashkevich VA, Gould EA, 2003. Tick-borne encephalitis. Antiviral Res 57 : 129–146. [Google Scholar]
  2. McLean DM, Donahue W, 1959. Powassan virus: isolation of virus from a fatal case of encephalitis. CMAJ 80 : 708. [Google Scholar]
  3. McLean DM, Larke RP, 1963. Powassan and Silverwater viruses: ecology of two Ontario arboviruses. Can Med Assoc J 88 : 182–185. [Google Scholar]
  4. Main AJ, Carey AB, Downs WG, 1979. Powassan virus in Ixodes cookei and Mustelidae in New England. J Wildl Dis 15 : 585–591. [Google Scholar]
  5. Ko RC, 1972. Biology of Ixodes cookei Packard (Ixodidae) of groundhogs (Marmota monax Erxleben). Can J Zool 50 : 433–436. [Google Scholar]
  6. Smith RP Jr, Lacombe EH, Rand PW, Dearborn R, 1992. Diversity of tick species biting humans in an emerging area for Lyme disease. Am J Public Health 82 : 66–69. [Google Scholar]
  7. Artsob H, 1989. Powassan encephalitis. Monath TP ed. The Arboviruses. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 29–49.
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001. Outbreak of Powassan encephalitis–Maine and Vermont, 1999– 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 : 761–764. [Google Scholar]
  9. Hinten S, Beckett GA, Gensheimer KF, Pritchard E, Courtney TM, Sears SD, Woytowicz JM, Preston DG, Smith R, Rand PW, Lacombe EH, Holman MS, Lubelczyk CB, Kelso PT, Beelen AP, Stobierski MG, Sotir M, Wong SJ, Ebel GD, Kosoy O, Piesman J, Campbell G, Marfin AA, 2008. Increased recognition of Powassan encephalitis in the United States, 1999–2005. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis ahead of print. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0022. [Google Scholar]
  10. Ebel GD, Foppa I, Spielman A, Telford SR, 1999. A focus of deer tick virus transmission in the northcentral United States. Emerg Infect Dis 5 : 570–574. [Google Scholar]
  11. Ebel GD, Campbell EN, Goethert HK, Spielman A, Telford SR III, 2000. Enzootic transmission of deer tick virus in New England and Wisconsin sites. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63 : 36–42. [Google Scholar]
  12. Ebel GD, Spielman A, Telford SR III, 2001. Phylogeny of North American Powassan virus. J Gen Virol 82 : 1657–1665. [Google Scholar]
  13. Beasley DW, Suderman MT, Holbrook MR, Barrett AD, 2001. Nucleotide sequencing and serological evidence that the recently recognized deer tick virus is a genotype of Powassan virus. Virus Res 79 : 81–89. [Google Scholar]
  14. Kuno G, Artsob H, Karabatsos N, Tsuchiya KR, Chang GJ, 2001. Genomic sequencing of deer tick virus and phylogeny of Powassan-related viruses of North America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 : 671–676. [Google Scholar]
  15. Costero A, Grayson MA, 1996. Experimental transmission of Powassan virus (Flaviviridae) by Ixodes scapularis ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 : 536–546. [Google Scholar]
  16. Ebel GD, Kramer LD, 2004. Short report: duration of tick attachment required for transmission of Powassan virus by deer ticks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 : 268–271. [Google Scholar]
  17. Chernesky MA, McLean DM, 1969. Localization of Powassan virus in Dermacentor andersoni ticks by immunofluorescence. Can J Microbiol 15 : 1399–1408. [Google Scholar]
  18. Gunther G, Haglund M, Lindquist L, Forsgren M, Skoldenberg B, 1997. Tick-bone encephalitis in Sweden in relation to aseptic meningoencephalitis of other etiology: a prospective study of clinical course and outcome. J Neurol 244 : 230–238. [Google Scholar]
  19. Telford SR III, Armstrong PM, Katavolos P, Foppa I, Garcia AS, Wilson ML, Spielman A, 1997. A new tick-borne encephalitis-like virus infecting New England deer ticks, Ixodes dammini. Emerg Infect Dis 3 : 165–170. [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.971
Loading
Stable Prevalence of Powassan Virus in Ixodes scapularis in a Northern Wisconsin Focus
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79, 971 (2008); https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.971
/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.971
/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.971
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Received : 29 Jul 2008
  • Accepted : 05 Sep 2008

Most Cited This Month

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error