1921
  1. Home
  2. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  3. Volume 76, Issue 1
  4. Article
Volume 76, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 0002-9637
  • E-ISSN: 1476-1645
Download

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of the 2004 national artemisinin-based malaria treatment policy on consumption pattern of antimalarials. The study was undertaken at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Nigeria. Prescription and sales data at our pharmacy outlets were gathered from January to December 2004 and compared with similar data for 2005 after policy introduction in January 2005. Total consumption of antimalarials in 2004 was 23,404 doses, made up of artemisinin-containing medications (ACMs; 18.5%); sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP; 7.1%); chloroquine (CQ; 72.85%); and quinine (QUI; 1.6%), compared with 26,383 doses in 2005, made up of ACMs (50.00%); SP (22.7%); CQ (27.3%); and QUI (0%). Z-tests indicate that these differences in proportions were significant ( < 0.001) for ACMs and SP (increased) and decreased for CQ and QUI. The comparative retail price per dose of these medications was in the order: ACMs > QUI > SP > CQ. These data show increased use of antimalarials, with ACMs overtaking CQ as the dominant antimalarial class purchased from the pharmacies operated by the hospital in the first year of policy implementation. This suggests that cost alone may not be the overriding determinant of specific antimalarial consumption.

Copyright 2007 The American Society of Tropical Medicine
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.7
2007-01-01
2018-06-18

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.7
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/14761645/76/1/0760007.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.7&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Federal Ministry of Health, 2004. National Antimalarial Treatment Policy. Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Health.
  2. Falade C, Makanga M, Premji Z, Ortmann CE, Stockmeyer M, de Palacios PI, 2005. Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem ®) tablets (six-dose regimen) in African Infants and children with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med 99 : 459–467.
  3. Adjuik M, Aquamey P, Babiker A, Borrmann S, Brasseur P, Cisse M, Cobelens F, Diallo S, Faucher JF, Garner P, Gikunda S, Kremsner PG, Krishna S, Lell B, Loolpapit M, Matsiegui PB, Missinou MA, Musanza J, Ntoumi F, Olliaro P, Osimbo P, Rezbach P, Some E, Taylor WR, 2002. Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children: A randomized multi-centre trial. Lancet 359 : 1365–1372.
  4. Pitmang SL, Thatcher TD, Madaki JKA, Egah DZ, Fischer PR, 2005. Comparison of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine with and without chloroquine for uncomplicated malaria in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 721 : 263–266.
  5. Mutabingwa TM, Anthony D, Heller A, Hallet R, Ahmed J, Drakeley C, Greenwood, BM, 2005. Amodiaquine alone, amodiaquine + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine + artesunate, and artemether-lumefantrine for outpatient treatment of malaria in Tanzanian children: a four-arm randomized effectiveness trials. Lancet 365 : 1474–1480.
  6. Coleman PG, Morel C, Shillcutt S, Goodman C, Mills AJ, 2004. A threshold analysis of the cost effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med 71 (Suppl): 196–204.
  7. Whitty CJM, Allah R, Wiseman V, Ochola S, Nakyanzi-Mugisha MV, Vohhm B, Mwita M, Miaka C, Oloo A, Premji Z, Burgess C, Mutabingwa TK, 2004. Averting a malaria disaster in Africa; where does the buck stop? Bull WHO 82 : 381–384.
  8. Salako LAS, Ajayi FO, Sowunmi A, Walker O, 1990. Malaria in Nigeria: A revisit. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 84 : 435–445.
  9. Ologe FE, Okoro EO, Oyejola BA, 2006. Environmental noise levels in Nigeria a report. J Occupat Environl Hygiene 3 : 19–21.
  10. Okoro EO, Adeyemi MI, 1999. Physical stature of three groups of adolescent children in Ilorin metropolis. Nigerian Med Pract 37 : 62–66.
  11. Okoro EO, Adeyemi AD, Oyejola BA. Quality of diabetic care in Nigeria 2002. J Diabetes Complications 16 : 159–164.
  12. Okoro EO, Adewara AA, David AE, 2005. Quality of diabetic care in Nigeria a patient satisfaction survey. Diabetes Int. 13 : 21–23.
  13. Adenika FB, 1992. Concept of Essential Drugs and National Drug Policies. Adenika FB, ed. Essential Drugs Management. 1st edition. Ibadan, Nigeria: Shaneson C. I. Limited, 9–80.
  14. Midala TAS, Lege–Oguntoynbo L, Mustapha A, Abdu-Aguye I, Bangudu AB, 1991. Preliminary reports on quality assurance testing of chloroquine tablets in northern Nigeria. West Afr J Pharmacol Drug Res 10 : 25–31.
  15. Martey JO, Djan S, Twum E, Browne EN, Opoku SA, 1995. Utilization of maternal health services in Ejisu district, Ghana. West Afr. Health. 14 : 24–28.
  16. Kanoute AC, 1998. Consumer power comes to Africa. Afr Health 20 : 19–20.
  17. Evarard M, 1998. Essential drugs for the poor and vulnerable. Afr Health 20 : 22–23.
  18. Wiseman V, Onwuejekwe O, Matovu F, Mutanbingwa TK, Whitty CJM, 2005. Differences in willingness to pay for arte-misinin-based combinations or monotherapy: experiences from the united republic of Tanzania. Bull WHO 83 : 845–852.
  19. Onwujekwe O, 2004. Criterion and content validity of a novel structured haggling contingent valuation question format versus the bidding game and binary with follow-up format. Soc Sci Med 58 : 525–537.
  20. Onwujekwe O, Uzochukwu B, Shu E, Ibeh C, Okonkwo P, 2004. Is combination therapy for malaria based on user fees worthwhile and equitable to consumers? Assessment of cost and willingness to pay in South East Nigeria. Acta Trop 19 : 101–105.
  21. Igun UA, 1987. Why we seek treatment here: Retail pharmacy and clinical practice in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Ann Borno 4 : 203–215.
  22. Okoro EO, Davies AE, 2001. Sponsorship of education programmes in Nigerian Medical and Pharmacy Schools by pharmaceutical companies: Possible risk implications for public health. Ethics Med 17 : 52–60.
  23. Fehintola FA, Adedeji AA, Ganiyu AA, Tambo E, Salako BL, 2005. Efficacy of artesunate plus cotrimixazole and artesunate-pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine combination in the treatment of Plasmodium hyperparasitaemia Niger. Del Med J 46 : 83–87.
  24. Von Seidlein L, Bojang K, Jones P, Jaffar S, Pinder M, Obaro S, Doherty T, Haywood M, Snounou G, Gemperli B, Gathmann I, Royce C, McAdam K, Greenwood B, 1998. A randomized controlled trial of artemether/benflumetol, a new antimalarial, and pyrimethamine/sulphadoxine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 5815 : 638–643.
  25. Borrmann S, Adenike AA, Missinou MA, Binder RK, Issifou S, Schindler A, Matsiegui PB, Kun JF, Krishna S, Lell B, Kremsner PG, 2003. Short course artesunate treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabon. Antimicrob Agents Chemotherap 47 : 901–904.
  26. Dondrop A, Nosten F, Stepniewska K, Day N, White N, South East Asian Quinine Artesunate Trial (SEQUAMAT) Group, 2005. Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomized trial. Lancet 366 : 717–725.
  27. Attaran A, Barnes KI, Curtis C, d’Alessandro U, Fanello CI, Galinski MR, Kokwaro G, Looaressuwan S, Makanga M, Mutabingwa TK, Talisuna A, Trape JF, Watkins WM, 2004. WHO, the global fund and medical malpractice in malaria treatment. Lancet 363 : 237–240.
  28. Menendez C, 1999. Priority areas of current research on malaria during pregnancy. Annals. Trop Med Parasit. 93 : 571–574.
  29. Parise ME, Lewis LS, Ayisi JG, Nahlen BL, Slutsker L, Muga R, Shariff SK, Hill J, Steketee RW, 2003. A rapid assessment approach for public health decision making related to the prevention of malaria during pregnancy. Bull WHO 18 : 316–321.
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.7
Loading
EFFECT OF ARTEMISININ-BASED TREATMENT POLICY ON CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF ANTIMALARIALS
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, 7 (2007); https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.7
/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.7
/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.7
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Received : 02 Feb 2006
  • Accepted : 15 Aug 2006

Most Cited This Month

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error