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The Effect of Temperature on Protozoan and Metazoan Parasites, and the Application of Intra- Intestinal Thermal Therapy in Parasitic and Other Affections of the Intestine¹

INTRODUCTION

Of the three most essential requirements for the maintenance of life; foods, moisture and heat, the last named is so important that a slight variation in temperature suffices to produce marked alterations and profound changes in the life history of the organism.

The experimental production of an attenuated or even an avirulent type of anthrax bacillus by Pasteur, by cultivating this bacterium at the maximum temperature compatible with its growth and reproduction, was the basis for the immunization, by vaccination, against this infection.

The deterimental effect of a slight alteration of temperature in the incubator, below or above 38° to 39°, on the artificial growth in cultures of tubercle bacillus of the human or bovine type, explains the fact that this bacterium, though pathogenic for man and most mammals, is non-pathogenic and apparently harmless when inoculated into cold, blooded animals, of lower temperature than man, and birds whose normal temperature is above 40°C.

¹ Read before the Zoölogical Seminary of the University of Pennsylvania, April 10, 1924, before the Zoölogical Seminary of the University of Princeton, November 28, 1924, and before the American Society of Tropical Medicine, Washington, D. C., May 5, 1925.