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Radical Cure of Avian Malaria (Plasmodium Cathemerium) with SN 8557, a Naphthoquinone Derivative¹

1. SN 8557, a 2-[3-(decahydro-2-naphthyl)propyl]-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, in doses of 150 mg./Kg.-day for 5, 10 or 15 days cured 61 of 110 canaries with various types of Plasmodium cathemerium infections. Administration of the drug for 15 days cured 28 of 36 birds (78 per cent) including some with latent sporozoite induced infections.

2. Acute infections of the exclusively erythrocytic strain 3H2-1 are more susceptible to cure than the 3C strain in which both erythrocytic and exoerythrocytic development occur. In latent infections, susceptibility to cure appears to be related to the duration of latency as well as to the strain.

3. A schedule of short term treatment (4 to 5 days) begun the day of inoculation (0.5 x 10⁶ erythrocytic parasites intravenously) with strain 3H2-1 is a fair indicator for curative effect in latent infections, whether blood or sporozoite induced, or of a more virulent strain.

4. The duration of an efficient immunity to P. cathemerium in canaries is less than 5 months following cure.

¹ The work described in this paper was done under a contract, recommended by the committee on Medical Research, between the Office of Scientific Research and Development and the University of Texas. The authors acknowledge the assistance of Cora Alice Taylor.