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Retinal hemorrhage is a frequently observed sign in Plasmodium falciparum infection. In Plasmodium vivax infection, however, retinal hemorrhage is very rare; only five cases have been reported in the literature. In this case report, we review the literature and the case of 52-year-old man who had retinal hemorrhages in P. vivax infection. We analyzed the structural characteristics of the lesions using fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of retinal hemorrhage in malaria patients, even those with P. vivax infection, and should consider a diagnosis of malaria in a patient with unexplained retinal hemorrhage and fever.
Received August 2, 2009. Accepted for publication November 6, 2009.
The American Committee on Clinical Tropical Medicine and Travelers' Health (ACCTMTH) assisted with publication expenses.
Financial support: This study was supported by a grant from Inha University (Incheon, Korea).
Authors' addresses: Ji Hwan Lee, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, E-mail: leejihwan{at}yuhs.ac. Hee Seung Chin, Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea, E-mail: hschin{at}inha.ac.kr. Moon-Hyun Chung, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea, E-mail: mhchungid{at}paran.com. Yeon Sook Moon, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea, E-mail: moonys{at}inha.ac.kr.
Reprint requests: Hee Seung Chin, Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 400–700, Korea, E-mail: hschin{at}inha.ac.kr.
*Address correspondence to Hee Seung Chin, Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 400-700, Korea. E-mail: hschin{at}inha.ac.kr
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