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Interleukin-1 Beta Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism’s C Allele is Associated with Elevated Risk of Gastric Cancer in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Peruvians

Sebastian Gehmert^*, Billie Velapatiño, Phabiola Herrera, Jaqueline Balqui, Livia Santivañez, Jaime Cok, Gloria Vargas, Juan Combe, Douglas J. Passaro, Sijin Wen, Frank Meyer, Douglas E. Berg, AND Robert H. Gilman

Particular alleles of the interleukin-1B (IL-1B) gene have been correlated with increased risk of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in the populations of East Asia and Europe. No such data exist from Peru, a developing country with a population genotypically different from others studied and with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. We conducted a case-control study comparing 334 hospitalized patients with atrophic gastritis or gastric cancer with 158 nonatrophic gastritis patients (controls). Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased risk of atrophic gastritis (odds ratio, 5.60) and gastric cancer (odds ratio, 2.36) was associated with the IL-1B-511 C allele. Our study is the first to establish this allele as a risk for these conditions. Given the high prevalence of H. pylori and recurrence rate after treatment, IL-1B-511 single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis may identify those individuals who would benefit most from robust H. pylori eradication efforts in Peru.

Received September 24, 2008. Accepted for publication July 14, 2009.

Acknowledgments: We thank Paula Maguiña for technical support. We are grateful for the assistance of the gastroenterologists at the Hospital Arzobispo Loayaza and the Instituto Especializado de Enfermedades Neoplasticas and for the generous cooperation of patients from those hospitals. We thank Kristi M. Speights from the Department of Scientific Publications at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center for critically reviewing and editing the manuscript. Our condolences to the family of Dr. Passaro, a brilliant epidemiologist, whose ideas initiated this study.

Financial support: This study was supported by an NIH grant (R01 DK63041) to R. Gilman.

^* Address correspondence to Sebastian Gehmert, Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 7435 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77054. E-mail: s.gehmert{at}gmail.com

Authors’ addresses: Sebastian Gehmert, Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 7435 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77054, Tel: 1-713-834-6115, Fax: 1-713-834-6105, E-mail: s.gehmert{at}gmail.com. Billie Velapatiño, Uni-versidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Department of Microbiology, Av. Honorio Delgado, No. 430, Urb. Ingeniería, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru, Tel: 011-511-3190025, Fax: 011-511-3284038, E-mail: bvelap{at}yahoo.com. Phabiola Herrera, AB PRISMA, Bioresearch, Carlos Gonzáles No. 251, Urb. Maranga - San Miguel, Lima, Peru, Tel: 011-511-464 0221, Fax: 011-511-4640781, E-mail: phabiola{at}gmail.com. Jaqueline Balqui and Livia Santivañez, AB Prisma, Bioresearch, Carlos Gonzáles No. 251, Urb. Maranga, San Miguel, Lima, Peru, Tel: 011-511-464 0221, Fax: 011-511-4640781, E-mails: jbalqui{at}yahoo.es and lisantivanez{at}yahoo.es. Jaime Cok, Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 262, Urb. Ingeniería, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru, Tel: 011-511-482-0402, Fax: 011-511-482-0402 ext. 229, E-mail: jaimecok20 @yahoo.com. Gloria Vargas, Department of Gastroenterology, National Major San Marcos University, Av. Germán Amezaga s/n, Lima, Peru, Tel: 011-619-7000, Fax: 011-619-7000, E-mail: gvargas{at}inen.sld.pe. Juan Combe, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, Av. Alfonso Ugarte Nro. 848, Lima, Peru, Tel: 011-511-4313710, Fax: 011-511-4313710, E-mail: jcombe{at}inen.sld.pe. Sijin Wen, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, Tel: 1-713-794-4168, Fax: 1-713-563-4242, E-mail: sijinwen{at}mdanderson.org. Frank Meyer, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Magdeburg Leipziger Str. 44, 39112 Magdeburg, Tel: 0049-391-6715500, Fax: 0049-391-6715570, E-mail: Frank.Meyer{at}med.ovgu.de. Douglas E. Berg, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, Tel: 1-314-362-2772, Fax: 1-314-362-7325, E-mail: berg{at}borcim.wustl.edu. Robert H. Gilman, Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MA, 21205, Tel: 1-410-614-3959, Fax: 1-410-614-6060, E-mail: RGilman{at}jhsph.edu.

Deceased.

Reprint requests: Sebastian Gehmert, Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 7435 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77054, E-mail: s.gehmert{at}gmail.com. Robert H. Gilman, Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, E-mail: RGilman{at}jhsph.edu.