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Comparative Efficacy of BioUD to Other Commercially Available Arthropod Repellents against the Ticks Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis on Cotton Cloth

BioUD is an arthropod repellent that contains the active ingredient 2-undecanone originally derived from wild tomato plants. Repellency of BioUD was compared with five commercially available arthropod repellents against the ticks Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Dermacentor variabilis Say in two-choice bioassays on treated versus untreated cotton cheesecloth. Overall mean percentage repellency against both species was greatest for and did not differ significantly between BioUD (7.75% 2-undecanone) and products containing 98.1% DEET, 19.6% IR3535, and 30% oil of lemon eucalyptus. Products containing 5% and 15% Picaridin and 0.5% permethrin were also repellent compared with untreated controls but to a lesser degree than BioUD. The four most active repellents at the same concentrations used before were directly compared in head-to-head bioassays on cotton cheesecloth. BioUD provided significantly greater overall mean percentage repellency than IR3535 for A. americanum and D. variabilis. BioUD was significantly more repellent than oil of lemon eucalyptus for A. americanum but did not differ significantly in repellency against D. variabilis. No statistically significant difference in overall mean percentage repellency was found between BioUD and DEET for A. americanum or D. variabilis. In a 7-week time course bioassay, BioUD applied to cotton cheesecloth and held at room temperature provided 5 weeks of > 90% repellency against A. americanum.

Received March 2, 2009. Accepted for publication July 12, 2009.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Dr. Consuelo Arellano (NCSU Dept. of Statistics) for guidance in statistical analyses and Michael Bissinger (NCSU Department of Art and Design) for help with preparation of figures.

Disclosure: Dr. R. Michael Roe, a co-author on this paper, is the inventor of the US EPA registered active ingredient (2-undecanone) in BioUD. This statement is made in the interest of full disclosure and not because the author considers this to be a conflict of interest.

^* Address correspondence to R. Michael Roe, Campus Box 7647, Raleigh, NC 27695. E-mail: michael_roe{at}ncsu.edu

Authors’ addresses: Brooke W. Bissinger, Jiwei Zhu, Charles S. Apperson, and R. Michael Roe, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Dearstyne Entomology Building, Box 7647, Raleigh, NC 27695, Tel: 919-515-4325, Fax: 919-515-4325, E-mails: brooke_bissinger{at}ncsu.edu, charles_apperson{at}ncsu.edu, and michael_roe{at}ncsu.edu. Daniel E. Sonenshine, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA 23529, Tel: 757-683-3595, Fax: 757-683-5283, E-mail: dsonensh{at}odu.edu. D. Wesley Watson, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Grinnells Lab 1108, Box 7626, Raleigh, NC 27695, Tel: 919-515-2028, Fax: 919-515-7273, E-mail: wes_watson{at}ncsu.edu.