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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 81(3), 2009, pp. 463-466
Copyright © 2009 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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*Diarrhea
*Giardia Infections

SHORT REPORT


Calicivirus and Giardia lamblia are Associated with Diarrhea in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seropositive Patients from Southeast Brazil

Ana Carolina M. Gonçalves, Yvone B. Gabbay, Joana D’arc Mascarenhas, Marcela B. Yassaka, Luciana C. Moran, Valéria D. Fraga, Edna Castro, Célia Franco, Ricardo Luiz D. Machado, AND Andréa Regina B. Rossit*
University Center of Rio Preto (UNIRP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo; Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará; Center for Microorganism Investigations, Department of Dermatology, Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo; Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Service of Hospital de Base, Regional Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto (FUNFARME), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

 

ABSTRACT

To study enteropathogens, 100 fecal samples were collected from a Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive population, with or without diarrhea. Giardia lamblia and calicivirus were significantly associated with diarrhea as were severe immunosuppression and the presence of at least one enteropathogen. No sample was positive for rotavirus and only one asymptomatic individual carried the astrovirus. We concluded that there is a great diversity of pathogens and opportunistic infections in the studied population, with a high prevalence of mixed colonization/infection. Our findings pave the way for future molecular studies related to the expression of virulence factors and to the possibility of pathogen–pathogen interactions, especially between G. lamblia and calicivirus. These findings are relevant to the improvement of therapies and controlling diarrhea in the HIV-seropositive population.

Received November 9, 2008. Accepted for publication May 23, 2009.

Acknowledgments: We thank Irineu Luiz Maia for his help on discussing important issues on the clinical aspects of the HIV population and Elizabete Santos and Alexandre Linhares from the Evandro Chagas Institute for institutional support of viral analysis.

Financial support: This work was supported by grants from: the Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto (BAP-FAMERP), FAPESP, and the Post Graduate Support Program (PROAP-CAPES). Marcela B. Yassaka was supported by a scholarship from the National Council for Research and Development – PIBIC/CNPq-FAMERP.

* Address correspondence to Andréa Regina B. Rossit, Center for Microorganism Investigation, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, 15090-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP-Brazil. E-mail: andrea{at}famerp.br

Authors’ addresses: Ana Carolina Musa Gonçalves, University Center of Rio Preto (UNIRP), Rua Yvete Gabriel Atique, no 45, Boa Vista, 15025-400-São José do Rio Preto, SP-Brazil, Tel/Fax: +55 17 32113000, E-mail: acmusa23{at}yahoo.com.br. Yvone Benchmol Gabbay and Joana D’Arc Mascarenhas, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR-316 Km 07 s/n, Ananindeua, PA-Brazil, Tel/Fax: +55 91 32142015/32142016, E-mail: yvonegabbay{at}iec.pa.gov.br and joanamascarenhas{at}iec.pa.gov.br. Luciana Conceição Moran, Valéria Daltibari Fraga, Marcela Braga Yassaka, and Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado, Center for Microorganism Investigation, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, 15090-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP-Brazil, Tel/Fax: +55 17 32015736, E-mails: lucianamoran{at}famerp.br, valeriafraga{at}famerp.br, ma_yassaka{at}yahoo.com.br, and ricardomachado{at}famerp.br. Célia Franco and Edna Castro, Infectious ans Parasitic Diseases Service of Hospital de Base, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Pedro, 15090-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP-Brazil, Tel/Fax: +55 17 32015006, E-mails: cfranco{at}famerp.br and ednacastrohb{at}hotmail.com. Andréa Regina B. Rossit, Center for Micro organism Investigation, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, 15090-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP-Brazil, Tel/Fax: +55 17 32015909, E-mail: andrea{at}famerp.br.

Reprint requests: Andréa Regina B. Rossit, Center for Microorganism Investigation, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, 15090-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP-Brazil, Tel/Fax: +55 17 32015909, E-mail: andrea{at}famerp.br.






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Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.