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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 81(2), 2009, pp. 235-239
Copyright © 2009 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Nonspecific Lymphocytic Myocarditis in Baboons Is Associated with Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

Marcia C. R. Andrade, Edward J. Dick, Jr*, Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza, Michaelle L. Hohmann, Diana C. P. Mejido, John L. VandeBerg, Cheryl D. DiCarlo, AND Gene B. Hubbard
Department of Primatology, Center for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Non-specific lymphocytic myocarditis (NLM) is frequently observed in baboons within the endemic range of Trypanosoma cruzi. We sought to determine whether T. cruzi infection is a cause of baboon NLM. We evaluated serial histologic sections of cardiac muscle, blood cultures, immunohistochemistry, serology, polymerase chain reaction, and clinical pathology from 31 baboons with NLM to determine whether T. cruzi infection is associated with NLM. Eleven baboons with no evidence of T. cruzi infection by serology and no NLM were used as controls. Seropositivity for T. cruzi was 45% in baboons with NLM compared with a 2–3% colony prevalence. NLM lesion severity was significantly higher in seropositive than seronegative baboons with NLM. NLM was significantly more common in older baboons. No statistical association between NLM and sex, weight, or clinical pathology was found. These results suggest an association between NLM and T. cruzi infection in the baboon.

Received April 1, 2009. Accepted for publication May 23, 2009.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Marie Silva and Denise Trejo for histology and immunohistochemistry and Maria da Gloria Bonecini-Almeida, Joseli Vieira Lannes, Ana Cristina Leandro, Jane VandeBerg, and Susan Mahaney for helpful contributions. The ELISA kits were generously provided by Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.

Financial support: Funding for this research was funded in part by National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources (NIH/NCRR) Grant P51 RR013986 to the Southwest National Primate Research Center and by a grant from the Robert J. Kleberg Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation. Nonhuman primates were housed in facilities constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Program Grants C06 RR014578 and C06 RR015456 from the NIH/NCRR.

* Address correspondence to Edward J. Dick Jr, DACVP Southwest National Primate Research Center, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549. E-mail: edick{at}sfbr.org

Authors’ addresses: Marcia C. R. Andrade, Department of Primatology, Center for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Tel/Fax: 55-21-25606364, ext. 249, E-mail: andrade{at}fiocruz.br. Edward J. Dick Jr, Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, Tel: 210-258-9894, Fax: 210-258-9807, E-mail: edick{at}sfbr.org. Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, Tel: 210-567-6691, Fax: 210-567-6554, E-mail: guardadomenr{at}uthscsa.edu. Michaelle L. Hohmann, Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, Tel: 210-258-9498, Fax: 210-258-9807, E-mail: mhohmann{at}sfbr.org. Diana C. P. Mejido, Department of Primatology, Center for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Tel/Fax: 55-21-25606364, ext. 249, E-mail: diana{at}fiocruz.br and Fluminense Federal University, R. Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Vital Brazil, 24230-240 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. John L. VandeBerg, Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, Tel: 210-258-9430, Fax: 210-670-3309, E-mail: jlv{at}sfbrgenetics.org. Cheryl D. DiCarlo, Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, Tel: 210-258-9452, Fax: 210-258-9807, E-mail: cdicarlo{at}sfbr.org. Gene B. Hubbard, Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, Tel: 210-258-9454, Fax: 210-258-9807, E-mail: ghubbard{at}sfbr.org.






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