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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 81(1), 2009, pp. 19-22
Copyright © 2009 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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SHORT REPORT


High Prevalence and Fixation of Plasmodium vivax dhfr/dhps Mutations Related to Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine Resistance in French Guiana

Céline Barnadas, Lise Musset, Eric Legrand, Magali Tichit, Sébastien Briolant, Thierry Fusai, Christophe Rogier, Christiane Bouchier, Stéphane Picot, AND Didier Ménard*
University Lyon 1, Malaria Research Unit, Lyon, France; National Reference Centre of Malaria Chemoresistance in French Guiana and West Indies (CNRCP), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Génomique, Paris, France; Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Unité de Recherche en Biologie et Epidémiologie Parasitaires, UMR 6236-URMITE-IMTSSA, Marseille, France; Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Malaria Research Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar

 

ABSTRACT

Plasmodium vivax isolates from French Guiana were studied for the presence of mutations associated with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) drug resistance. Ninety-six blood samples were collected from 2000 to 2005 from symptomatic malaria patients. SP drug resistance was predicted by determining point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (pvdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (pvdhps) genes. All samples showed mutant genotypes in both genes with a prevalence > 90% for the 58R, 117N, 382C, and 383G. A new mutation (116G) in pvdhfr was found at a frequency of 3.3%. Six different pvdhfr/dhps multilocus genotypes were observed with the predominance of the quintuple mutant-type 58R/117N/173L–382C/383G (59.3%). No significant differences were observed between the prevalence of haplotypes and the year of collection. Our results indicate that, in this area, the fixation of SP drug-resistant parasites in the P. vivax population is stable.

Received November 3, 2008. Accepted for publication February 26, 2009.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank the patients and healthcare workers involved in the network for the surveillance of malaria resistance in French Guiana from which these samples were obtained. The authors thank Peter A. Zimmerman for critical comments and review of this manuscript.

Financial support: This study was supported by grants from French Army DGA 06co006, Natixis/Impact Malaria through the Observatoire de la Résistance aux Antipaludiques Project (ORA), and the Genomics Platform, Pasteur Génopôle, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Céline Barnadas is a PhD student supported by the Fondation Jeunesse Internationale (Fondation de France), BioMérieux "Prix BioMérieux infectiologie 2006," Association des Internes et Anciens Internes en Pharmacie des Hôpitaux de Lyon "Prix R. Rizard," and the Hospices Civils de Lyon.

* Address correspondence to Didier Ménard, Malaria Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. E-mail: dmenard{at}pasteur.mg

Authors’ addresses: Céline Barnadas and Stéphane Picot, University Lyon 1, EA4170, Malaria Research Unit, Lyon, France. Lise Musset and Eric Legrand, National Reference Centre of Malaria Chemoresistance in French Guiana and West Indies (CNRCP), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana. Magali Tichit and Christiane Bouchier, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Génomique, Paris, France. Sébastien Briolant, Thierry Fusai, and Christophe Rogier, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Unité de Recherche en Biologie et Epidémiologie Parasitaires, UMR 6236-URMITE,-IMTSSA, Marseille, France. Didier Ménard, Malaria Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antanarivo 101, Madagascar, Tel: 261-20-22-412-72, Fax: 261-20-22-415-34, E-mail: dmenard{at}pasteur.mg.






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