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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 81(1), 2009, pp. 163-170
Copyright © 2009 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Dose-Response Assay Templates for In vitro Assessment of Resistance to Benzimidazole and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Drugs in Human Hookworms

Andrew C. Kotze*, Ann Lowe, John O’Grady, Steven R. Kopp, AND Jerzy M. Behnke
CSIRO Livestock Industries, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom; School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

With the implementation of mass drug administration programs for the control of human hookworms, there is a need to monitor for the emergence of drug resistance. We have therefore examined in vitro assays for monitoring sensitivity to benzimidazoles (egg hatch assay) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist drugs (motility and morphology assays), with a view to developing tools for monitoring drug sensitivity in the field. We have performed assays with Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum, and combined this with published data on N. americanus and Ancylostoma caninum, to indicate the breadth of the responses of various hookworm species and isolates in these in vitro assays. This has allowed us to generate assay templates covering the known range of responses, with scope to cover any shift in response that may be indicative of resistance. These assays will have immediate applicability in monitoring for the emergence of drug resistance in human hookworm populations.

Received January 30, 2009. Accepted for publication March 24, 2009.

Acknowledgments: The H. contortus isolates used in this study were kindly provided by Malcolm Knox, Peter Hunt, and Leo LeJambre (CSIRO Livestock Industries, Armidale, Australia).

Financial support: No specific financial support was received for this work.

* Address correspondence to Andrew Kotze, CSIRO Livestock Industries, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia. E-mail andrew.kotze{at}csiro.au

Authors’ addresses: Andrew C. Kotze and John O’Grady, CSIRO Livestock Industries, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, Tel: +61 7 3214 2355, Fax: +61 7 3214 2900, E-mail: andrew.kotze{at}csiro.au. Ann Lowe and Jerzy M. Behnke, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK. Steven R. Kopp, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.






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Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.