AJTMH Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 80(5), 2009, pp. 769-773
Copyright © 2009 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Assessing Transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis Using Parasitologic, Serologic, and Entomologic Tools after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa

Janice M. Mladonicky, Jonathan D. King, Jennifer L. Liang, Eric Chambers, Molisamoa Pa’au, Mark A. Schmaedick, Thomas R. Burkot, Mark Bradley, AND Patrick J. Lammie*
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia; American Samoa Department of Health, Pago Pago, American Samoa; Division of Community and Natural Resources, American Samoa Community College, Pago Pago, American Samoa; Global Community Partnerships, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, United Kingdom

Assessing the interruption of lymphatic filariasis transmission after annual mass drug administration (MDA) requires a better understanding of how to interpret results obtained with the available diagnostic tools. We conducted parasitologic, serologic, and entomologic surveys in three villages in American Samoa after sentinel site surveys suggested filarial antigen prevalence was < 1% after five annual MDAs with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole. Antigen and antifilarial antibody prevalence ranged from 3.7% to 4.6% and from 12.5% to 14.9%, respectively, by village. Only one person was microfilaria positive. Although no children less than 10 years of age were antigen positive, antifilarial antibody prevalence in this age group was 5.1% and antibody-positive children were detected in all three villages. Wuchereria bancrofti–infected mosquitoes were also detected in all three villages. Thus, monitoring of infections in mosquitoes and antifilarial antibody levels in children may serve as indicators of local transmission and be useful for making decisions about program endpoints.

Received August 29, 2008. Accepted for publication December 30, 2008.

Acknowledgments: We thank GlaxoSmithKline for providing financial support to carry out this study; Dr. Gary Weil (Washington University, St. Louis, MO) for generously providing the Bm14 antigen; Jeanette Tuileto’a, Sanerive Fuiava, and Olaiaiga Tupa’i for technical assistance with mosquito trapping; Onosa’i Aulava for help in arranging trapping sites; American Samoa Community College nursing program instructor Patrica Brooks and nursing students Deidre Temukisa Esteron, Honorine Hollister, Christopher Ibasco, Danielle Nafanua Jennings, Corabelle Tusiofo, and Pelenatino Vito for assistance with blood collections and ICT testing; and residents of Afao, Asili, and Seetaga for their participation.

Financial support: This work was supported by GlaxoSmithKline. Janice M. Mladonicky and Eric Chambers were supported by Emerging Infectious Disease fellowships from the Association of Public Health Laboratories.

Disclaimer: The views of the authors are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

* Address correspondence to Patrick J. Lammie, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341. E-mail: plammie{at}cdc.gov

Authors’ addresses: Janice M. Mladonicky, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 North Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60614, E-mail: jmladonicky{at}lpzoo.org. Jonathan D. King, The Carter Center, 1149 Ponce de Leon Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30306, E-mail: jonathan.king{at}emory.edu. Jennifer L. Liang, DeKalb County Board of Health, 445 Winn Way, PO Box 987, Decatur, GA 30031, E-mail: jliang{at}cdc.gov. Eric Chambers and Thomas R. Burkot, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-42, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, GA 30341-3724, E-mails: echambers{at}cdc.gov and tburkot{at}cdc.gov. Molisamoa Pa’au, American Samoa Department of Health, Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799, E-mail: molipaau{at}yahoo.com. Mark A. Schmaedick, Division of Community and Natural Resources, American Samoa Community College, PO Box 5139, Pago Pago American Samoa 96799, E-mail: m.schmaedick{at}amsamoa.edu. Mark Bradley, Global Community Partnerships, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford TW8 9GS, United Kingdom, E-mail: mark.h.bradley{at}gsk.com. Patrick J. Lammie, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-36, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, E-mail: plammie{at}cdc.gov.




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E. W. Chambers, S. K. McClintock, M. F. Avery, J. D. King, M. H. Bradley, M. A. Schmaedick, P. J. Lammie, and T. R. Burkot
Xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria immitis Infections in Mosquitoes from American Samoa: Trapping Considerations and a Comparison of Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays with Dissection
Am J Trop Med Hyg, May 1, 2009; 80(5): 774 - 781.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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