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Evaluation of Nitazoxanide and Oxfendazole Efficacy against Cystic Echinococcosis in Naturally Infected Sheep

Cystic echinococosis (CE) is a public health problem caused by Echinococcus granulosus. We aimed to determine the efficacy of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and oxfendazole (OXF) against CE in naturally infected sheep. A total of 151 ewes were assigned to the following groups: 15 mg/kg of NTZ weekly for five weeks (NTZ5); two rounds of 15 mg/ kg of NTZ a day for five days (NTZ5x2) two weeks apart; 30 mg/kg of OXF a week for 11 weeks (OXF11); 30 mg/kg of OXF plus 15 mg/kg of NTZ a week for 11 weeks (OXF/NTZ); and the control group. OXF11 and OXF/NTZ decreased the number of fertile cysts, increased the number of degenerated cysts, and were more efficacious (49.6–61.2%) against lung cysts and liver cysts (91.8–100%) than any other treatment group. OXF might be an additional strategy for control programs and an optional treatment of human CE after it is licensed.

Received April 29, 2008. Accepted for publication November 25, 2008.

Acknowledgments: We thank Sarah Marcus for help in English editing and Sari Cece for support.

Financial support: This study was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Tropical Medicine Research Centers Program grant "New Tools to Understand and Control Endemic Parasites" (1 P01 AI51976), the Infectious Diseases Training Program in Peru (3 D43 TW006581), and the ICIDR (U01 AI35894).

^* Address correspondence to Cesar M. Gavidia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalacion cdra 28 s/n San Borja, Lima, Peru. E-mails: cgavidia{at}jhsph.edu, cgavidiac{at}unmsm.edu.pe, and cmgavidia{at}yahoo.com

Authors’ addresses: Cesar M. Gavidia, Armando E. Gonzalez, Luis Lopera, Cesar Jayashi, Roxana Angelats, Eduardo A. Barron, Berenice Ninaquispe, and Lucia Villarreal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalacion cdra 28 s/n San Borja, Lima, Peru, E-mails: cgavidia{at}jhsph.edu, cgavidiac{at}unmsm.edu.pe, cmgavidia{at}yahoo.com, agonzale{at}jhsph.edu, luislopera{at}hotmail.com, cmjayashi{at}hotmail.com, riam22{at}hotmail.com, edubarron1{at}hotmail.com, esthervet04{at}hotmail.com, and luviss{at}yahoo.com. Hector H. Garcia and Manuela R. Verastegui, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru, E-mails: hgarcia{at}jhsph.edu, mveraste{at}jhsph.edu, and mrverastegui{at}yahoo.com. Robert H. Gilman, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W5515, Baltimore, MD 21205, E-mails: rgilman{at}jhsph.edu and gilmanbob{at}gmail.com.