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Evaluation of Immunoprophylactic Efficacy of Brugia malayi Transglutaminase (BmTGA) in Single and Multiple Antigen Vaccination with BmALT-2 and BmTPX for Human Lymphatic Filariasis

An attempt was made to study the immunoprophylactic efficacy of recombinant Brugia malayi transglutaminase (BmTGA) as protein vaccine along with two other recombinant proteins, Brugia malayi abundant larval transcript-2 (BmALT-2) and Brugia malayi thioredoxin peroxidase (BmTPX), in single and multiple antigen form for human lymphatic filariasis. Parasite challenge studies in jirds exhibited protection of 30%, 69%, and 43% against BmTGA, BmALT-2, and BmTPX, respectively, in single antigen vaccination mode. The protective efficacy of BmTGA was enhanced significantly (74%) by immunizing the jirds in multiple antigen vaccination mode along with BmTPX, whereas immunizing with the combination of BmTGA and BmALT2 conferred only 47% protection. The same protection profiles were obtained by in vitro antibody–dependent cellular cytotoxicity, using live microfilariae and L3 stage larvae. The immune response was Th2 biased, irrespective of single or multiple vaccinations. The combination of BmTGA and BmTPX seems to be a promising vaccine candidate against lymphatic filariasis.

Received August 10, 2008. Accepted for publication September 24, 2008.

Acknowledgments: We sincerely thank Dr. Thomas B. Nutman, NIH, Bethesda, MD, and Dr. Alan L. Scott, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, for kindly providing clones to our study.

Financial support: The authors thank the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Indian Council of Medical Research, and University Grants Commission for financial assistance. Uma Vanam is a recipient of Junior Research Fellowship and Senior Research Fellowship from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India.

^* Address correspondence to Perumal Kaliraj, Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India. E-mail: pkaliraj{at}annauniv.edu

Authors’ addresses: Uma Vanam, Vivek Pandey, Prince R. Prabhu, and Perumal Kaliraj, Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India, Tel: 91-44-22350772, Fax: 91-44-2254229, E-mails: uma-vanam{at}yahoo.co.in, pandeyvivek2000{at}rediffmail.com, princeprp{at}yahoo.co.in, and pkaliraj{at}annauniv.edu. Gajalakshmi Dakshinamurthy and Maryada Venkata Rami Reddy, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, India, E-mails: reddymvr{at}gmail.com and gajji81{at}gmail.com.