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Seroepidemiology of Giardiasis in Mexico

Prevalence of antibodies against Giardia duodenalis was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from a national serologic survey of Mexico that included all geographic areas and socioeconomic and demographic data for each person sampled. The country was divided into four regions on the basis of development (high, medium high, medium low, and low). Of 3,461 serum samples tested, 1,914 (55.3%) were positive for IgG antibodies against Giardia duodenalis. Seropositivity was age-specific; the probability of seropositivity increased 4.9-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.16–7.64) in adolescents 10–19 years of age, 8.0-fold (95% CI = 5.19–12.53) in young adults 20–39 years of age, and 12.6-fold (95% CI = 7.93–20.28) in adults more than 40 years of age. Giardia duodenalis seropositivity was associated with male sex (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.22–1.61). No association was found between seropositivity and socioeconomic variables or regional development status.

Received September 19, 2007. Accepted for publication August 6, 2008.

Acknowledgments: We thank Paul Hunter and Michael Parkhouse for their critical revision of the manuscript.

^* Address correspondence to Roberto Cedillo-Rivera, Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad del Centro Médico Nacional Ignacio García Téllez, Mérida Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calle 34 # 439 x 41, Colonia Industrial. Mérida, Yucatán, México 97150. E-mail: rcedillor{at}yahoo.com

Authors’ addresses: Roberto Cedillo-Rivera and Yelda A. Leal, Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad del Centro Médico Nacional Ignacio García Téllez, Mérida Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calle 34 # 439 x 41, Colonia Industrial, Mérida, Yucatán, México 97150, E-mails: rcedillor{at}yahoo.com and yelda_leal{at}hotmail.com. Lilián Yépez-Mulia and Alejandro Gómez-Delgado, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México City, México, E-mails: lilianyepez{at}yahoo.com and agomez1992{at}att.net.mx Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, México City, México 07360, E-mail: gortega{at}cinvestav.mx. Roberto Tapia-Conyer, Cerrada de Presa Escolta 44 C25, San Jerónimo Lídice, Delegación Magdalena Contreras México City, México 10200, E-mail: tapiaconyer{at}yahoo.com.mx. Onofre Muñoz, Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, México City, México 06720, E-mail: omunoz{at}himfg.edu.mx.

Reprint requests: Roberto Cedillo-Rivera, Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad del Centro Médico Nacional Ignacio García Téllez, Mérida Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calle 34 # 439 x 41, Colonia Industrial, Mérida, Yucatán, México 97150.