AJTMH Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 80(1), 2009, pp. 16-19
Copyright © 2009 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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SHORT REPORT


Giardia duodenalis Assemblages Associated with Diarrhea in Children in South India Identified by PCR-RFLP

Sitara S. R. Ajjampur*, Premi Sankaran, Arun Kannan, Kirthi Sathyakumar, Rajiv Sarkar, Beryl P. Gladstone, AND Gagandeep Kang
Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India

 

ABSTRACT

Giardial diarrhea in a birth cohort of 452 children in an urban slum in South India was characterized. Of the 155 episodes that occurred in 99 children, 73% were acute diarrhea. Children with better educated mothers and a toilet at home had lower odds of acquiring giardial diarrhea, whereas low socioeconomic status and drinking municipal water were associated with greater risk. Children with co-infections tended to have a slightly longer duration of diarrhea (P = 0.061) and showed significantly more wasting after an episode than children with diarrhea resulting from Giardia alone (P = 0.032). Among the 99 cases, 50 diarrheal and 51 asymptomatic Giardia positive samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) at the triose phosphate isomerase gene. Assemblage B was predominant both in giardial diarrhea (80%) and asymptomatic giardiasis (94%). Children with Assemblage A subgroup-II alone or dual infections with both assemblage A and B had diarrhea more frequently (P = 0.07).

Received January 2, 2008. Accepted for publication September 29, 2008.

Acknowledgments: We thank Corrine Amar at the Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, Colindale, UK and Stephanie Johnston at the Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, for generously providing DNA samples and protocols during standardization of the tpi PCR-RFLP.

Financial Support: This work was supported by the Fogarty International Research Cooperative Agreement, National Institutes of Health grant FIC R03TW2711, the Global Infectious Disease Research training award D43 TW007392, and the Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars Programs.

* Address correspondence to Sitara S. R. Ajjampur, Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India. E-mail: sitararao{at}cmcvellore.ac.in

Authors’ addresses: Sitara S. R. Ajjampur, Premi Sankaran, Arun Kannan, Kirthi Sathyakumar, and Gagandeep Kang, Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India, Tel: 91-416-228-2052, Fax: 91-416-223-2035, E-mails: sitararao{at}cmcvellore.ac.in, haipremi{at}gmail.com, k.arunkannan{at}gmail.com, kirthi86sk{at}gmail.com, and gkang{at}cmcvellore.ac.in. Rajiv Sarkar and Beryl P. Gladstone, Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India, Tel: 91-416-228-4405, Fax: 91-416-223-2035, E-mails: rsarkar{at}cmcvellore.ac.in and berylg{at}cmcvellore.ac.in.




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