AJTMH Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 79(5), 2008, pp. 719-721
Copyright © 2008 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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SHORT REPORT


Molecular Mass Screening to Incriminate Sand Fly Vectors of Andean-type Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ecuador and Peru

Hirotomo Kato*, Abraham G. Cáceres, Eduardo A. Gomez, Tatsuyuki Mimori, Hiroshi Uezato, Jorge D. Marco, Paola A. Barroso, Hiroyuki Iwata, AND Yoshihisa Hashiguchi
Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan; Sección de Entomología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Daniel A. Carrion," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú; Departamento de Oncocercosis, Servicio Nacional de Erradicacion de la Malaria, Ministerio de Salud Publica, Ecuador; Department of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan

 

ABSTRACT

Sand flies from the Andean areas of Ecuador and Peru were examined for Leishmania infections by using our recently established molecular mass screening method. Leishmanial minicircle DNA-positive sand flies were detected in 3 of 192 and 1 of 462 samples from Ecuador and Peru, respectively. Sand fly species were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, and the positive flies were Lutzomyia (Lu.) ayacuchensis and Lu. peruensis, respectively. Furthermore, cytochrome b and mannose-phosphate isomerase gene sequence analyses identified the parasites from Ecuador and Peru as Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana and L. (Viannia) peruviana, respectively. Thus, the mass screening method was confirmed to be a powerful tool for sand fly research.

Received February 5, 2008. Accepted for publication July 12, 2008.

Acknowledgments: We are indebted to Roberto Sud A. (Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social, Guayaquil, Ecuador) for his technical assistance throughout the study; to the director Dr. Luiggi Martini R. and the coordinator Dr. Ernesto Gutierrez V. (Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Medicina Tropical, Guayaquil, Ecuador) for their arrangement of our field activities; and to Dr. Teresa Flor, Dr. Jenny Muzzio Rodriguez, and Dr. Yim-Yan Wong Chum (Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Medicina Tropical, Guayaquil, Ecuador) for their support at the laboratory and field phases of the study. We would like to acknowledge the technical expertise of The DNA Core facility of the Center for Gene Research, Yamaguchi University, supported by a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan.

Financial support: This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan (Grant Nos. 14256004, 18256004, and 18780230).

* Address correspondence to Hirotomo Kato, Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan. E-mail: katoh{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp

Authors’ addresses: Hirotomo Kato and Hiroyuki Iwata, Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan. Abraham G. Cáceres, Sección de Entomología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Daniel A. Carrion," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú and Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú. Eduardo A. Gomez, Departamento de Oncocercosis, Servicio Nacional de Erradicacion de la Malaria, Ministerio de Salud Publica, Ecuador. Tatsuyuki Mimori, Department of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan. Hiroshi Uezato, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan. Jorge D. Marco, Paola A. Barroso, and Yoshihisa Hashiguchi, Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.

Reprint requests: Hirotomo Kato, Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan, Tel/Fax: +81-83-933-5900, E-mail: katoh{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.






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