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Genetic Relationships among Aedes aegypti Collections in Venezuela as Determined by Mitochondrial DNA Variation and Nuclear Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

A population genetic analysis of gene flow was conducted among 619 Aedes aegypti from nine collections distributed among six geographic regions of Venezuela. Genetic markers included a 387-basepair region of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 4 (ND4) gene and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 11 nuclear loci. Genotypes at SNP loci were identified using melting curve analysis. Six different ND4 haplotypes were detected and patterns of variation suggested that collections were isolated by distance. The variance in SNP allele frequencies was much less than the variance in haplotype frequencies and a pattern of isolation by distance was not detected. Aedes aegypti from eight collections were orally challenged with dengue 2 virus. Disseminated infection rates ranged from 77% to 95%. The percentage of mosquitoes exhibiting a midgut infection barrier ranged from 2% to 15%, and those exhibiting a midgut escape barrier ranged from 2% to 18%. Venezuelan Ae. aegypti appear to be susceptible to dengue virus infection.

Received July 26, 2007. Accepted for publication November 28, 2007.

Acknowledgments: We thank the people of the Venezuelan communities for cooperation in sample collections; Hernan Guzman, Jose Parra, and Victor Sanchez for valuable help in mosquito collections; Jesus Gonzalez for help in establishing the parental Ae. aegypti colonies in Venezuela; and Saul Lozano-Fuentes for help in constructing the map of the Venezuelan collections sites.

Financial support: This work was supported in part by the Innovative Vector Control Consortium.

^* Address correspondence to Ludmel Urdaneta-Marquez, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682. E-mail: ludmel{at}colostate.edu

Authors’ addresses: Ludmel Urdaneta-Marquez, Michael Salasek, and William C. Black IV, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, 1682 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, Telephone: 970-491-8530, Fax: 970-491-1815, E-mails: ludmel{at}colostate.edu, mike.salasek{at}colostate.edu, and wcb4{at}lamar.colostate.edu. Christopher Bosio, Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 903 South Fourth Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, E-mail: bosioch{at}niaid.nih.gov. Flor Herrera and Yasmin Rubio-Palis, Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad de Carabobo-Nucleo Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela, E-mail: flormhq{at}cantv.net.

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