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Differential Antibody Responses to Plasmodium falciparum Invasion Ligand Proteins in Individuals Living in Malaria-Endemic Areas in Brazil and Cameroon

Antibody responses to malaria invasion ligands and proteins on the merozoite surface have been shown to interfere with red cell invasion and correlate with immunity to malaria. The current study is the first to characterize the antibody responses to EBA-140 and EBA-181, Plasmodium falciparum invasion ligands implicated in the alternative pathways of invasion, in age-matched populations of individuals living in endemic areas in both Brazil and Cameroon. Antibody responses to the proteins screened were different between populations. The African individuals reacted strongly with most fragments of these two EBAs, while the majority of the individuals from Mato Grosso, Brazil, reacted weakly and those from the Amazon had elevated responses to these EBA proteins. When compared with the responses against MSP-1₁₉ and EBA-175, it appeared that the Brazilian population has a variable ability to recognize P. falciparum invasion ligand proteins and that these responses are distinct from the African population.

Received May 4, 2007. Accepted for publication August 13, 2007.

Acknowledgments: We thank Meagan B. Gallagher, who optimized the ELISA assays used in these studies during her internship.

Financial support: Work reported in this paper was funded in part by a grant from the NIH-P50 HL 54459 and in part by the New York Blood Center. The research of Ricardo Machado was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq).

^* Address correspondence to Sara Lustigman, Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E. 67th St., New York, NY 10065. E-mail: slustigman{at}nybloodcenter.org

Authors’ addresses: Louise Ford, Cheryl A. Lobo, Marilis Rodriguez, and Sara Lustigman, Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th St., New York, NY 10065, Telephone: +1 (212) 570-3000, Fax: +1 (212) 570-3195, E-mail: slustigman{at}nybloodcenter.org. Mariano G. Zalis, University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 255 Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Brazil, Telephone: +55-21-2562-2617, Fax: + 55-21-2280-8193. Ricardo L.D. Machado, Andréa R.B. Rossit, and Carlos E. Cavasini, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil, Telephone: +55-17-3201-5736, Fax: +55-17-3201-5911. Alvaro A.R. Couto, SEAMA College, Macapá, 1201 Avenida Nacoes Unidas, Amapá 68908-170, Brazil, Telephone and Fax: +55-91-3223-7393. Peter A. Enyong, Tropical Medicine Research Station, PO Box 55, Kumba, Cameroon, Telephone/Fax: +237-33-54231.

Reprint requests: Sara Lustigman, Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th St., New York, NY 10065, Telephone: +1 (212) 570-3119, Fax: +1 (212) 570-3121, E-mail: slustigman{at}nybloodcenter.org.