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Monitoring of Larval Habitats and Mosquito Densities in the Sudan Savanna of Mali: Implications for Malaria Vector Control

In Mali, anopheline mosquito populations increase sharply during the rainy season, but are barely detectable in the dry season. This study attempted to identify the dry season mosquito breeding population in and near the village of Bancoumana, Mali, and in a fishing hamlet 5 km from this village and adjacent to the Niger River. In Bancoumana, most larval habitats were human made, and dried out in January–February. In contrast, in the fishing hamlet, productive larval habitats were numerous and found mainly during the dry season (January–May) as the natural result of drying riverbeds. Adult mosquitoes were abundant during the dry season in the fishermen hamlet and rare in Bancoumana. To the extent that the fishermen hamlet mosquito population seeds Bancoumana with the advent of the rainy season, vector control in this small hamlet may be a cost-effective way to ameliorate malaria transmission in the 40-times larger village.

Received March 15, 2007. Accepted for publication March 19, 2007.

Acknowledgments: We are grateful to the local guides and population of Bancoumana and Bozokin, without whom this work could not have been conducted, and to Drs. Robert Gwadz and Thomas Wellems for encouragement and support.

Financial support: This work was supported in part by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.

^* Address correspondence to José M. C. Ribeiro, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20892-8132. E-mail: jribeiro{at}niaid.nih.gov

Authors’ addresses: Nafomon Sogoba, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako BP 1805, Mali, E-mail: nafomon{at}mrtcbko.org and Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box 4051, Basel, Switzerland, E-mail: n.sogoba{at}unibas.ch. Seydou Doumbia, Ibrahima Baber, Moussa Keita, Mamoudou Maiga, Sékou F. Traoré, Abdoulaye Touré, and Guimogo Dolo, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako BP 1805, Mali, E-mails: sdoumbi{at}mrtcbko.org, baber{at}mrtcbko.org, moussa{at}mrtcbko.org, maigam{at}mrtcbko.org, cheick{at}mrtcbko.org, atoure{at}mrtcbko.org, and guimogo{at}mrtcbko.org. Thomas Smith, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box 4051 Basel, Switzerland, E-mail: Thomas-A.Smith{at}unibas.ch. José M. C. Ribeiro, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Room 2E-32, Twin-brook III Building, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8132, E-mail: jribeiro{at}niaid.nih.gov