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CLONAL RECONQUEST OF ANTIBIOTIC-SUSCEPTIBLE SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROTYPE TYPHI IN SON LA PROVINCE, VIETNAM

In the last three decades, high rates of resistance to common first-line antimicrobial agents have been reported in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (Typhi), the causative organism of typhoid fever (TF), in many regions of the world, especially in South East Asia. Analysis of Typhi strains isolated from outbreaks and sporadic cases of TF in Son La province, northwest Vietnam, in 2002 revealed that 94.5% (85/90) of the isolates were fully susceptible to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. There was a clear decline in the occurrence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Typhi isolates collected in this province in 2002 (4.4%) compared with the period 1995–1999 in the same province (30.8–100%). By using molecular (IS200 profiling, PstI-ribotyping, XbaI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and haplotyping) and phage-typing methods, we showed that the Typhi isolates from Son La province in 2002 were genetically related; however, they were unrelated to the previous MDR clones established in Vietnam.

Received October 31, 2006. Accepted for publication February 21, 2007.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Mark Achtman for his support, the director and staff of the Son La Health Centre for their work and support, and Rebecca Smith for English corrections.

Financial support: The study was supported by the Norwegian Government (Quota Programme); the Department for International Health, Institute for General Practice and Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam, and the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, provided the support to perform the different laboratory exams.

^* Address correspondence to François-Xavier Weill, Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, Centre Collaborateur OMS de Référence et de Recherche pour les Salmonella, Unité de Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. E-mail: fxweill{at}pasteur.fr

Authors’ addresses: François-Xavier Weill, Laëtitia Fabre, and Patrick A.D. Grimont, Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, Centre Collaborateur OMS de Référence et de Recherche pour les Salmonella, Unité de Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France, Telephone: +33 (0)1 45 68 83 45, Fax: +33 (0)1 45 68 88 37, E-mails: fxweill{at}pasteur.fr, lberland{at}pasteur.fr, and pgrimont{at}pasteur.fr. Hoang Huy Tran and Nguyen Binh Minh, Enteric Pathogens Laboratory, Microbiology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), Hanoi, Vietnam, Telephone: +844 821 24 17 or +844 858 91 55, E-mails: H.H.Tran{at}rhul.ac.uk and binhminh{at}fpt.vn. Philippe Roumagnac, Max-Planck Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Schumannstr. 21/22, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Telephone: +49 30 28460202, Fax: +49 30 28460111, E-mail: roumagnac{at}mpiib-berlin.mpg.de. Trine Lise Stavnes and Jorgen Lassen, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway, Telephone: +47 22 04 22 00, Fax: +47 22 35 36 05, E-mails: Trine-Lise.Stavnes{at}fhi.no and Jorgen.Lassen{at}fhi.no. Gunnar Bjune, Department of International Health, Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, University of Oslo, P.B. 1130, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway, Telephone: +47 22 85 06 40, Fax: +47 22 85 06 72, E-mail: g.a.bjune{at}medisin.uio.no. Philippe J. Guerin, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, and Epicentre, 8 rue Saint Sabin, 75011 Paris, France, Telephone: +33 (0)1 40 21 28 48, Fax: +33 (0)1 40 21 28 03, E-mail: philippe.guerin{at}epicentre.msf.org.

Reprint requests: François-Xavier Weill, Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, Centre Collaborateur OMS de Référence et de Recherche pour les Salmonella, Unité de Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Telephone: +33 (0)1 45 68 83 45, Fax: +33 (0)1 45 68 88 37, E-mail: fxweill{at}pasteur.fr.

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