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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 76(6), 2007, pp. 1009-1015
Copyright © 2007 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS IN THE RICE CULTIVATION AREA OF OFFICE DU NIGER, MALI

NAFOMON SOGOBA*, PENELOPE VOUNATSOU, SEYDOU DOUMBIA, MAGARAN BAGAYOKO, MAHAMADOU B. TOURÉ, IBRAHIM M. SISSOKO, SEKOU F. TRAORE, YÉYA T. TOURÉ, AND THOMAS SMITH
Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

The effects of rice growth environment on malaria transmission, taking into account spatial correlation, were assessed in the Office du Niger, Mali. Between April 1999 to January 2001, 8 quarterly entomologic surveys were conducted in 18 villages in 3 agricultural zones. Vector densities in sleeping houses were related to rice crop, rice development stages, vegetation abundance, water state, and seasons. They were high throughout the rice-growing seasons, increased as the rice crop developed, and decreased as vegetation became abundant. They also showed large spatial correlations (up to 30.6 km). The vectorial capacity exhibited both seasonal and village-to-village variation. Parity and the human blood index were weakly related to adult densities and showed low spatial correlations (up to 3.4 km), which suggested that small area variation in malaria transmission results mainly from variations in vector-human contact. Control strategies in rice cultivation areas should pay attention to this local variation.

Received August 17, 2005. Accepted for publication February 21, 2007.

Acknowledgments: We thank the Niono Health Center, Office du Niger, the Institute d’Economie Rurale, the 18 villages, and the larvae collectors for their collaboration and participation in the study. We also thank Richard Sakai, Robert Gwatz, and all the members of the Malaria Research and Training Center Entomology Laboratory for their support.

Financial support: This study was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Health, by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration through an Interagency Agreement Y3-AI-5059-03 with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for work at the Malaria Research and Training Center in Mali, and by Project T16/181/476 TDR/WHO. Data analysis was supported by the Swiss National Foundation Project Nr. 3252B0-102136/1.

* Address correspondence to Nafomon Sogoba, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako BP 1805, Mali. E-mail: nafomon{at}mrtcbko.org and Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box 4051 Basel, Switzerland. E-mail: n.sogoba{at}unibas.ch

Authors’ addresses: Nafomon Sogoba, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako BP 1805, Mali, Telephone: 223-222-5277, Fax: 223-222-4987, E-mail: nafomon{at}mrtcbko.org and Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box 4051, Basel, Switzerland, E-mail: n.sogoba{at}unibas.ch. Penelope Vounatsou and Thomas Smith, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box 4051, Basel, Switzerland, E-mails: penelope.vounatsou{at}unibas.ch and Thomas-A.Smith{at}unibas.ch. Seydou Doumbia, Mahamadou B, Touré, Ibrahim M. Sissoko, and Sekou F. Traore, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Mali, E-mails: sdoumbi{at}mrtcbko.org, ibrahim{at}mrtcbko.org, and cheick{at}mrtcbko.org. Magaran Bagayoko, Conseiller Sous-Régional pour l’Afrique, Central Biologie des Vecteurs et Lutte Antivectorielle, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Bureau, Regional pour l’Afrique Bureau Organisation Mondiale de la Santé du Gabon, BP 820, Libreville, Gabon, E-mail: mbagayoko{at}internetgabon.com. Yéya T. Touré, Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, E-mail: tourey{at}who.int.






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Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.