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MONKEYPOX ZOONOTIC ASSOCIATIONS: INSIGHTS FROM LABORATORY EVALUATION OF ANIMALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MULTI-STATE US OUTBREAK

At the onset of the 2003 US monkeypox outbreak, virologic data were unavailable regarding which animal species were involved with virus importation and/or subsequent transmission to humans and whether there was a risk for establishment of zoonotic monkeypox in North America. Similarly, it was unclear which specimens would be best for virus testing. Monkeypox DNA was detected in at least 33 animals, and virus was cultured from 22. Virus-positive animals included three African species associated with the importation event (giant pouched rats, Cricetomys spp.; rope squirrels, Funisciuris sp.; and dormice, Graphiuris sp.). Virologic evidence from North American prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.) was concordant with their suspected roles as vectors for human monkeypox. Multiple tissues were found suitable for DNA detection and/or virus isolation. These data extend the potential host range for monkeypox virus infection and supports concern regarding the potential for establishment in novel reservoir species and ecosystems.

Received June 15, 2006. Accepted for publication December 19, 2006.

Acknowledgments: We thank Joe C. Garrett, John J. Schiltz, Mark J. Sotir, Matt Wolters, Christopher Brand, Bob Dusek, Wallace Hansen, Sean Nashold, Douglas Docherty, Renee Lon, David Nelson, Kirk Gustad, Scott Beckerman, Glen Dunn, and Andrew Clapper.

^* Address correspondence to Russell L. Regnery, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS G-43, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333. E-mail: rur1{at}cdc.gov

Authors’ addresses: Christina L. Hutson, Kemba N. Lee, Jason Abel, Darin S. Carroll, Victoria A. Olson, Yu Li, Whitni Davidson, Christine Hughes, Mary G. Reynolds, Zachary Braden, Kevin L. Karem, Joel M. Montgomery, Paul Spurlock, Michael Dillon, Inger K. Damon, and Russell L. Regnery, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS G-43, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, Telephone: 404-639-1081, Fax: 404-639-1060. James J. Kazmierczak, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Room 318, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53702, Telephone: 608-266-2154, Fax: 608-261-4976. Connie Austin, Division of Infectious Diseases, Illinois Department of Public Health, 525 W Jefferson St., Springfield, IL 62761, Telephone: 217-785-7165, Fax: 217-557-4049. Lori Miser, Illinois Department of Agriculture, PO Box 19281, 801 East Sangamon Avenue, Springfield, IL 62794, Telephone: 217-785-6324, Fax: 217-558-6033. Faye E. Sorhage, Infectious and Zoonotic Disease Program, NJ Department of Health and Senior Services, PO Box 369, Trenton, NJ 08625, Telephone: 609-588-3121, Fax: 609-599-7433. James Howell, Indiana State Department of Health, 2 N. Meridian Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, Telephone: 317-233-7272, Fax: 317-234-2812. Jeffrey P. Davis, Communicable Diseases and Preparedness, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Room 318, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53702, Telephone: 608-267-9006, Fax: 608-266-2906. E-mail: rur1{at}cdc.gov.

Reprint requests: Russell Regnery, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS G-06, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, Telephone: 404-639-1080, Fax: 404-639-1060, E-mail: rur1{at}cdc.gov.

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