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GENETIC STRUCTURE OF LUTZOMYIA (NYSSOMYIA) INTERMEDIA POPULATIONS FROM TWO ECOLOGIC REGIONS IN BRAZIL WHERE TRANSMISSION OF LEISHMANIA (VIANNIA) BRAZILIENSIS REFLECTS DISTINCT ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed to infer the magnitude and pattern of genetic differentiation among Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia populations from two ecologic regions in southeast Brazil where transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) by L. (Viannia) braziliensis reflects distinct eco-epidemiologic features. Two hundred thirty-five bands from six primers were analyzed for genetic variation within and between sand fly populations. A lower level of intrapopulational variability was found in domestic sand flies (compared with the peridomestic population). Gene flow F_ST estimates indicated homogeneity in the studied population, with limited population substructuring, but with a tendency of sand fly vectors to form clusters by micro-habitat (domestic and peridomestic). The level of genetic structuring of Lu. intermedia population from each ecologic region is distinct and may reflect association or independence between the domestic and the peridomestic habitats in rural and periurban areas, respectively, both reflecting distinct characteristics of the transmission cycle of ACL.

Received April 11, 2006. Accepted for publication August 24, 2006.

Financial support: This study was supported by PRONEX/CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil) and the Carlos Chagas Filho Research Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). Elisa Cupolillo and Gabriel Grimaldi Jr. are CNPq fellow researchers, Leonardo de Souza Rocha is a PhD student in the Program in Molecular and Cell Biology/FIOCRUZ and is sponsored by CNPq.

^* Address correspondence to Elisa Cupolillo, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC/FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane, Sala 509, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 21045-900. E-mail: ecupoli{at}ioc.fiocruz.br

Authors’ addresses: Leonardo de Souza Rocha, Gabriel Grimaldi Jr, and Elisa Cupolillo, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC/FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane—sala 509, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 21045-900, Telephone: 55-21-3865-8177, Fax: 55-21-2209-4110, E-mails: lsr{at}ioc.fiocruz.br, grimaldi{at}ioc.fiocruz.br, and ecupoli{at}ioc.fiocruz.br. Aloísio Falqueto and Claudiney Biral dos Santos, Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade d’Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Vitória, ES, Brasil, 29040-090, E-mails: falqueto{at}ppgcf.ufes.br and claudiney{at}npd.ufes.br.