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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 76(3), 2007, pp. 516-521
Copyright © 2007 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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GENOME SIZE DETERMINATION IN CHAGAS DISEASE TRANSMITTING BUGS (HEMIPTERA-TRIATOMINAE) BY FLOW CYTOMETRY

FRANCISCO PANZERA*, INÉS FERRANDIS, JANINE RAMSEY, PAZ M. SALAZAR-SCHETTINO, MARGARITA CABRERA, CARLOTA MONROY, MARÍA D. BARGUES, SANTIAGO MAS-COMA, JOSÉ E. O’CONNOR, VÍCTOR M. ANGULO, NICOLÁS JARAMILLO, AND RUBEN PÉREZ
Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones de Paludismo(CIP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico; Laboratorio Biología de Parásitos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Entomología Aplicada y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos, San Carlos, Guatemala; Laboratorio de Citómica. Unidad Mixta de Investigación CIPF-UVEG. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, Colombia; Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

Because information about genome size in triatomines is scarce and contradictory, we performed DNA quantification by flow cytometry in 13 species belonging to five genera (Dipetalogaster, Eratyrus, Panstrongylus, Rhodnius, and Triatoma) to infer overall tendencies and phylogenetic associations. The results show that the haploid DNA content of the subfamily Triatominae varies nearly 4-fold, from < 0.7 pg in Rhodnius species (0.6 x 109 bp) to 2.7 pg in Triatoma delpontei (2.6 x 109 bp). Considering that triatomines present similar chromosome numbers, we suggest that genome size differences are the result of variation in the quantity of repetitive DNA sequences localized in hetero and euchromatin. Changes in heterochromatin are particularly important when considering populations or closely related species; in more distant taxa, euchromatic changes also play a role. Our analyses indicate that flow cytometry is a useful tool for population, taxonomic, and evolutionary studies in this subfamily.

Received May 24, 2006. Accepted for publication October 11, 2006.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Dr. Gregory Ryan (University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada) for valuable comments on the preliminary manuscript. We also thank Dr. Lileia Diotaiuti (CPQRR, FIOCRUZ, Brazil) and Dr. Franklin Vargas (Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Peru) for supplying material of T. brasiliensis and R. ecuadoriensis, respectively.

Financial support: This work was partially supported by "Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica" (CSIC), CONICYT and PEDECIBA from Uruguay, CONACyT (30871-N project), CISEI and CIP from Mexico, AMSUD-Pasteur Program (Triatomine Genome Project), ECLAT network, and Commission of the European Communities (EUSAPH network, CDIA-ICA4-CT-2003-10049 and ATU-SSA-CT-2004-515942 projects). F. Panzera benefited from additional funding by the Conselleria de Cultura i Educació of the Generalitat Valenciana and the University of Valencia, Spain.

* Address correspondence to Francisco Panzera, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. E-mail: fpanzera{at}correo.insp.mx

Authors’ addresses: Francisco Panzera and Inés Ferrandis, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, Telephone: 52777-3293050, Fax: 52777-3175485, E-mails: fpanzera{at}correo.insp.mx and loreferrandis{at}yahoo.es. Francisco Panzera and Ruben Pérez, Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle Iguá 4225, C.P. 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Telephone: 5982-5258618 to 22, Fax: 5982-5258617; E-mails: panzera{at}fcien.edu.uy and rperez{at}fcien.edu.uy and Inés Ferrandis, María D. Bargues, and Santiago Mas-Coma, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, C.P. 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain, Telephone: 3496-3543093, Fax: 3496-3544769; E-mails: m.d.bargues{at}uv.es and S.Mas.Coma{at}uv.es. Janine Ramsey, Centro de Investigaciones de Paludismo (CIP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 4ta Av. Nte esq. 19 Calle Poniente, Tapachula, Chiapas, C.P. 30700 Mexico, Telephone: 52962-6250800, Fax: 52962-6285782, E-mail: jramsey{at}correo.insp.mx. Paz M. Salazar-Schettino and Margarita Cabrera, Laboratorio de Biología de Parásitos. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Edificio "A" 2o. Piso. Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D.F. Mexico, Telephone/Fax: 5556-232468, E-mails: pazmar{at}servidor.unam.mx, imay{at}servidor.unam.mx. Carlota Monroy, Laboratorio de Entomología Aplicada y Parasitología, Universidad de San Carlos, Ciudad Universitaria Zona 12, edificio T10, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala, Telephone: 502-24769856, Fax: 502-24769808, E-mail: carlotamonroy{at}yahoo.com. José E. O’Connor, Laboratorio de Citómica. Unidad Mixta de Investigación CIPF-UVEG. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Avda. Autopista del Saler, 16 (Camino de las Moreras) 46013 Valencia, Spain, Telephone: 3496-3289680, E-mail: Jose.E.Oconnor{at}uv.es. Víctor M. Angulo, Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 32 No 29-31, Bucaramanga, Colombia, P.O. No 678, Telephone/Fax: 577-6563971, E-mail: pitorio{at}hotmail.com. Nicolás Jaramillo. Grupo de Chagas. Instituto de Biología. Universidad de Antioquia. Sede de Investigaciones Universitaria (SIU). Calle 62 #52-59 lab. 620. Medellín, Colombia, Telephone: 574-2106521, Fax: 574-2330120, E-mail: njaram{at}epm.net.co.

Reprint requests: Francisco Panzera, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.






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Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.