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MALARIA VECTOR INCRIMINATION IN THREE RURAL RIVERINE VILLAGES IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Vector incrimination studies were conducted from April 2003 to February 2005 at three riverine villages 1.5 km to 7.0 km apart, along the Matapi River, Amapa State, Brazil. A total of 113,117 mosquitoes were collected and placed in pools of 7 mosquitoes (19,883 pools) and tested for species-specific circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of P. falciparum, P. vivax VK210, and P. vivax VK247 using the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). A subset of 63,330 mosquitoes (12,191 pools) was tested for P. malariae. Anopheles darlingi and An. marajoara had the highest proportion of circumsporozoite protein positives for human malaria parasites compared with An. nuneztovari, An. triannulatus, and An. intermedius. Anopheles darlingi and An. marajoara had the highest entomological inoculation rates (EIR) and were considered to be the most important malaria vectors in the study. Anopheles nuneztovari was also an important vector. Differences in entomological inoculation rates were more dependent on mosquito abundance than on sporozoite rates.

Received September 18, 2006. Accepted for publication November 24, 2006.

Acknowledgments: We thank the members of the communities for their permission to collect mosquitoes in their villages. In particular, we thank the community leaders, João Gomes da Silva and Leonor das Chagas Agenor. Technical support was provided by Jorge Pereira Duarte, Francisco Redivaldo Almeida de Souza, Aderbal Amanajas Santana, and Clicia Denis. We thank Naoya Nishimura for data management and Dr. Vanja Suely Pachiano Calvosa for medical support. Drs. Jan Conn and Cynthia Lord are acknowledged for their review of the manuscript. The cooperation of Gerência de Projeto Ensino e Pesquisa em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Amapá and Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnologicas de Estado do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil. Drs. Denise Valle, Jose Lima Bento (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz) are also acknowledged.

Financial support: This research was financed by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01AI48806-01A1).

^* Address correspondence to Robert H. Zimmerman, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida/IFAS, Vero Beach, Florida 32962. E-mail: rhzimmer{at}bellsouth.net

Authors’ addresses: Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, IEPA, Campus da Fazendinha, Departmento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Rodovia JK, Km 10 s/n. Macapá/AP, CEP. 68900-000. Mercia Arruda, Centro De Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fiocruz, Campus da UFPE-Avenida Moraes Rego S/N, CEP 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brasil. Alvaro A.R. D’Almeida Couto, Gerência de Projeto Ensino e Pesquisa em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Amapá, GPEPS/SESA. Rua 16, n. 688, Residencial Fazendinha Alfaville, Macapá, AP, CEP 68912-250; Robert A. Wirtz, Chief, Entomology Branch-F22, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724; L. Philip Lounibos and Robert H. Zimmerman, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida/IFAS, 200 9th Street SE, Vero Beach, Florida 32962.