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EFFECT OF LUTZOMYIA LONGIPALPIS SALIVARY GLAND EXTRACTS ON LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION INDUCED BY LEISHMANIA MAJOR

The mechanism by which the salivary gland lysate (SGL) of Lutzomyia longipalpis enables Leishmania infection remains under investigation. One possibility is that saliva promotes cellular recruitment leading to development of skin lesions. In this study, we investigated leukocyte recruitment induced by L. major, L. major + SGL, or SGL alone into the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. The administration of L. major with or without SGL induced neutrophil migration six hours after infection. Interestingly, after seven days, the BALB/c mice still had eosinophils and mononuclear cells in their peritoneal cavities. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase in the CD4+ CD45RB^low T cell subset (effector or memory cells) compared with the CD4+ CD45RB^high subset (naive cells). Moreover, the co-injection of L. major with SGL enhanced production of interleukin-10. These results suggest that SGL can facilitate Leishmania infection by modulating leukocyte recruitment and Th2 cytokine production at the inflammatory focus.

Received March 15, 2006. Accepted for publication September 13, 2006.

Acknowledgments: We thank Giuliana Bertozi Francisco and Alexandra Rosa for technical assistance.

Financial support: This study was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, and Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) assisted with publication expenses.

^* Address correspondence to Marta Chagas Monteiro, Pharmacy Department, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Av. Simeão Camargo, Varela de Sá, 03, Paraná, Brazil CEP: 85040-080. E-mail: martachagas2{at}yahoo.com.br

Authors’ addresses: Marta Chagas Monteiro, Pharmacy Department, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Av. Simeão Camargo, Varela de Sá, 03, Paraná, Brazil. CEP: 85040-080. Telephone: 55-42-3629-8137, Fax: 55-42-3629-8100, E-mail: martachagas2{at}yahoo.com.br. Hermênio C. Lima, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. Adelson A. Almeida Souza, Department of Parasitology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Pará, Brazil. Richard G. Titus, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão, Laboratory of Physiopathology, UNESC, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fernando de Queiroz Cunha, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.