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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 75(4), 2006, pp. 716-719
Copyright © 2006 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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SHORT REPORT


EXPOSURE TO HUMAN RESPIRATORY VIRUSES AMONG URBAN PERFORMING MONKEYS IN INDONESIA

MICHAEL A. SCHILLACI, LISA JONES-ENGEL*, GREGORY A. ENGEL, AND RANDALL C. KYES
Department of Social Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada; Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Swedish/Providence Family Medicine Residency, Seattle, Washington

 

ABSTRACT

Performing monkeys, a common phenomena in Asia, occupy a unique urban niche that comprises a number of factors influencing the likelihood of cross-species transmission of pathogens. Here we present the first documented evidence of exposure to measles, rubella, and parainfluenza in a population of performing monkeys. Evidence of exposure to these endemic human respiratory viruses in the performing monkeys confirms human-to-primate transmission and suggests the possibility of primate-to-human transmission. Urban animal markets, the likely source of these performing monkeys, may represent an environment conducive to the mixing of animals and pathogens, making these monkeys a potential conduit for infectious agents passing from a variety of animals found in animal markets to humans. The potential significance of these results to human public health and the unique contexts of disease transmission associated with the urban ecology of the performance monkeys are discussed. Given the level of overseas travel, this potential threat is not confined solely to Asia.

Received May 5, 2006. Accepted for publication June 13, 2006.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank E. Iskandar and Drs J. Heidrich, D. Cohn, and R. Grant for help during this project. We are indebted to Phil and Fransiska Brain for providing photos of performance monkeys in Jakarta.

Financial support: This research was funded by SPAWAR Grant N66001-02-C-8072 (L.J-E.), NIH-NCRR Grant P51 RR00166 (L.J-E.), and the University of Toronto Connaught Fund (M.A.S.).

* Address correspondence to Lisa Jones-Engel, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: jonesengel{at}bart.rprc.washington.edu

Authors’ addresses: Michael A. Schillaci, Department of Social Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4, Telephone: 416-287-7328, Fax: 416-287-7283, E-mail: schillaci{at}utsc.utoronto.ca. Lisa Jones-Engel, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, Telephone: 206-221-6843, Fax: 206-543-7959, E-mail: jonesengel{at}bart.rprc.washington.edu. Gregory A. Engel, Swedish/Providence Family Medicine Residency, Seattle, WA 98122, Telephone: 206-320-2235, Fax: 206-543-7959, E-mail: Gregory. Engel{at}swedish.org. Randall C. Kyes, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, Telephone: 206-543-3025, Fax: 206-543-7959, E-mail: rkyes{at}u.washington.edu.






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Copyright © 2006 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.