| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Mosquito transmission of arboviruses potentially affects the course of viral infection in the vertebrate host. Studies were performed to determine if viral infection differed in chickens infected with West Nile virus (WNV) by mosquito bite or needle inoculation. Mosquito-infected chickens exhibited levels of viremia and viral shedding that were up to 1,000 times higher at 6, 12, and 24 hours post-feeding (PF) compared with those inoculated with 103 PFU by needle. Follow-up studies were conducted to determine if enhanced early infection was due to a higher viral dose inoculated by mosquitoes. Needle inoculation with successively higher doses of WNV led to higher early viremia and viral shedding; a dose 
104 PFU by needle was required to attain the high early viremia observed in mosquito-infected chickens. Mosquitoes inoculated WNV at this level as estimated by feeding on a hanging drop of blood (mean: 102.5, range: 100.7–104.6 PFU). These results indicate that enhanced early infection in mosquito-infected chickens may be explained by higher viral dose delivered by mosquitoes. On the other hand, chickens infected by multiple mosquitoes (N = 3–11) had viremic titers that were 25–50 times higher at 6 and 12 hours PF than in chickens infected by a single mosquito, suggesting that viral dose is not the only factor involved in enhanced early infection. The likelihood that enhanced early infection in mosquito-infected chickens is due to a higher viral dose inoculated by mosquitoes and/or other factors (saliva, inoculation location, or viral source) is discussed.
Received April 6, 2005. Accepted for publication April 17, 2006.
Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the excellent technical assistance provided by Matthew Jones, Jennifer Longacker, Amy Lovelace, Christine Lussier, Sarah Sperry, and David Young. The authors thank the Wadsworth Center Tissue Culture Facility for providing cell culture support.
Financial support: This project has been funded in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. N01-AI-25490. The BSL-3 animal facility at the Wadsworth Center was used, which is funded in part by the animal core on the NIH/NIAID award U54A17158.
* Address correspondence to Laura D. Kramer, Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159. E-mail: Kramer{at}wadsworth.org
Authors’ addresses: Laura D. Kramer, Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, Telephone: (518) 869-4524, Fax: (518) 869-4530, E-mail: kramer{at}wadsworth.org. Linda M. Styer, Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, Telephone: (518) 862-4306, Fax: (518) 869-4530, E-mail: lstyer{at}wadsworth.org. Kristen A. Bernard, Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, Telephone: (518) 869-4519, Fax: (518) 869-4530, E-mail: kbernard{at}wadsworth.org.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. M. Nemeth, P. T. Oesterle, and R. A. Bowen Humoral Immunity to West Nile Virus Is Long-Lasting and Protective in the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Am J Trop Med Hyg, May 1, 2009; 80(5): 864 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Gomez, L. D. Kramer, A. P. Dupuis II, A. M. Kilpatrick, L. J. Davis, M. J. Jones, P. Daszak, and A. A. Aguirre Experimental Infection of Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) with West Nile Virus Am J Trop Med Hyg, September 1, 2008; 79(3): 447 - 451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Patiris, L. F. Oceguera III, G. W. Peck, R. E. Chiles, W. K. Reisen, and C. V. Hanson Serologic Diagnosis of West Nile and St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Infections in Domestic Chickens Am J Trop Med Hyg, March 1, 2008; 78(3): 434 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Turell and M. D. Parker Protection of Hamsters by Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Candidate Vaccine V3526 against Lethal Challenge by Mosquito Bite and Intraperitoneal Injection Am J Trop Med Hyg, February 1, 2008; 78(2): 328 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. McGEE, B. S. SCHNEIDER, Y. A. GIRARD, D. L. VANLANDINGHAM, and S. HIGGS NONVIREMIC TRANSMISSION OF WEST NILE VIRUS: EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SPACE, TIME, AND MOSQUITO SPECIES Am J Trop Med Hyg, March 1, 2007; 76(3): 424 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
