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DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY OF SAND FLIES (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE: PHLEBOTOMINAE) IN COASTAL FRENCH GUIANA

In French Guiana, at least five Leishmania species are known to be sympatically transmitted in sylvatic ecotopes. However, the previous surveys on the phlebotomine sand fly fauna were published 20 years ago. During that period, many ecological changes have occurred. Sand fly collections were conducted with CDC light traps in five stations representing the main ecotopes of French Guiana. A total of 817 sand flies belonging to 2 genera, 18 sub-genera, and 46 different species were identified. The species Lutzomyia umbratilis (16.6% of the collected specimens), Lu. infraspinosa (12.7%), Lu. ininii (8.0%), and Lu. flaviscutellata (6.1%) were the most common species. The stratification by height, activity period, and resting site preferences of the most abundant sand flies were analyzed. Population abundance and diversity were compared for each ecotope. The potential of certain sand fly species in leishmaniasis transmission is discussed.

Received September 28, 2005. Accepted for publication February 17, 2006.

Financial support: This work was supported by the University of the French West Indies and the French Guiana (Cayenne, French Guiana), by the French Contrat Plan Etat-Region N°6325, by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, Paris, France), and by the Pasteur Institute of French Guiana (Cayenne, French Guiana).

Acknowledgments: We thank Prof. Jean-Charles Gantier for help in species identification.

^* Address correspondence to Brice Rotureau, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Equipe EA 3593, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Médecine de l’Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Campus St-Denis, BP 718, 97336 Cayenne, French Guiana. E-mail: rotureaubrice{at}yahoo.fr

Authors’ addresses: Brice Rotureau and Bernard Carme, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Equipe EA 3593, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Médecine de l’Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, E-mails: rotureaubrice{at}yahoo.fr and b.carme{at}wanadoo.fr. Pascal Gaborit, Jean Issaly, and Romuald Carinci, Laboratoire d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Guyane Française, Cayenne, French Guiana, E-mail: entomo{at}pasteur-cayenne.fr. Florence Fouque, Cellule d’Intervention Biologique d’Urgence (CIBU), Institut Pasteur, 25-28, rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, Telephone: 33 (0) 140 613808, Fax: 33 (0) 140 613806, E-mail: flfouque{at}wanadoo.neuf.fr.

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