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COMPETITION FOR RED BLOOD CELLS CAN ENHANCE PLASMODIUM VIVAX PARASITEMIA IN MIXED-SPECIES MALARIA INFECTIONS

We assess the consequences of competition for red blood cells (RBCs) in co-infections with the two major agents of human malaria, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, using differential equations to model the population dynamics of RBCs and parasites. P. vivax parasitizes only the youngest RBCs, but this can reduce the broader RBC population susceptible to P. falciparum. We found that competition for RBCs typically causes one species to suppress the other, depending on their relative reproduction rates and timing of inoculation. However, if the species’ reproduction rates are nearly equal, transient increases in RBC production stimulated by the presence of P. falciparum may boost P. vivax parasitemia above its single-species infection level. Conversely, P. falciparum parasitemia is rarely enhanced above its single-species level. Furthermore, transients in RBC production can induce coupled oscillations in the parasitemia of both species. These results are remarkably robust to changes in model parameters.

Received June 24, 2005. Accepted for publication February 22, 2006.

Acknowledgments: We thank David L. Smith, Wendy P. O’Meara, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments.

^* Address correspondence to Philip G. McQueen, Mathematical & Statistical Computing Laboratory Division of Computational Bioscience, CIT/NIH, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-5620. E-mail: mcqueenp{at}mail.nih.gov

Authors’ addresses: Philip G. McQueen, Mathematical & Statistical Computing Laboratory Division of Computational Bioscience, CIT/NIH, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-5620, E-mail: mcqueenp{at}mail.nih.gov. F. Ellis McKenzie, Fogarty International Center, NIH Building 16, Bethesda, MD 20892, E-mail: mckenzel{at}mail.nih.gov.

Note: Additional supplemental figures appear online at www.ajtmh.org.

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