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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 74(6), 2006, pp. 1054-1059
Copyright © 2006 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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AN INTERVENTION-CONTROL STUDY OF CORRALLING OF FREE-RANGING CHICKENS TO CONTROL CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN IN A PERUVIAN PERIURBAN SHANTYTOWN

RICHARD A. OBERHELMAN*, ROBERT H. GILMAN, PATRICIA SHEEN, JULIANNA CORDOVA, MIRKO ZIMIC, LILIA CABRERA, RINA MEZA, AND JUAN PEREZ
Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima. Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore, Maryland; U. S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima. Peru; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana; Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrhea among children in developing countries. Since free-ranging chickens are a major source of Campylobacter infections, we hypothesized that corralling of these chickens would result in decreased rates of Campylobacter infections and Campylobacter-related diarrhea. We tested this hypothesis in Peruvian families in a periruban shantytown with free-ranging chickens and randomized by household using a (corralling) intervention versus control study design. Samples from participants and chickens were cultured for Campylobacter at the start of surveillance, and samples from children less than six years of age with diarrhea episodes and two sentinel chickens were cultured for Campylobacter monthly. Overall, 4,257 human stool specimens and 3,950 avian stool specimens were cultured over a 17-month period. Rates of Campylobacter-related diarrhea in children were significantly higher in the corral group, which demonstrated twice the incidence of Campylobacter diarrhea compared with controls overall, and seven times the rate of Campylobacter diarrhea versus controls in the subset with more than 20 household chickens. Rates of asymptomatic infection with Campylobacter were similar. Although corralling may be useful if corrals are distant from living quarters, it is not advisable as a control measure for Campylobacter in communities such as this.

Received June 11, 2004. Accepted for publication February 20, 2006.

Acknowledgments: We thank the Naval Medical Research Center, Detachment (Lima, Peru) (work unit 63002A.810.O.B0020) for providing support for diagnostic microbiology, and DNA ProSCAN, Inc. (Nashville, TN) for assistance in analyzing strain typing data. We also thank the Health Promoters Association of the Pampas de San Juan and the people of the Pampas de San Juan for their participation. Part of the information in this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, December 2003; Philadelphia, PA (abstract # 1109).

Financial support: This work was supported by a grant from the Thrasher Research Fund (02813-1), grant TG-35:D43 TW07646-5 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), an International Training and Research Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases grant and a Tropical Medicine Research Center grant from the NIH (P01 AI051976), and Navy Medical Research Center work unit no. 63002A.810.O.B0020.

Disclaimer: No potential conflicts of interest require reporting for this study.

* Address correspondence to Richard A. Oberhelman, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health, 1440 Canal Street, SL 29, New Orleans, LA. E-mail: oberhel{at}tulane.edu

Authors’ addresses: Richard A. Oberhelman, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health, 1440 Canal Street, SL 29, New Orleans, LA, E-mail: oberhel{at}tulane.edu. Robert H. Gilman, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Patricia Sheen and Lilia Cabrera, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, 251 Avenida Carlos Gonzalez, Urb. Maranga, San Miguel, Lima 100, Peru. Julianna Cordova and Mirko Zimic, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana, Cayetano Heredia, Avenida Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres Lima, Peru. Rina Meza and Juan Perez, Naval Medical Research Center, Detachment; Lima, Peru.






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Copyright © 2006 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.