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VARIATION IN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI CLONAL COMPOSITION DETECTED IN BLOOD PATIENTS AND XENODIAGNOSIS TRIATOMINES: IMPLICATIONS IN THE MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILE

To identify Trypanosoma cruzi clones from chronically infected individuals, they were transferred to triatomines by the xenodiagnosis test (XD) with Triatoma infestans. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization assays were performed to detect minicircle DNA in human blood samples and triatomine feces, using probes to determine the T. cruzi clones present. T. cruzi clone 19 (TcI) resulted the most prevalent in humans, with a frequency of 0.70 compared with a frequency of 0.53 in triatomines. T. cruzi clone 39 (TcIId) was the most prevalent in T. infestans, with a frequency of 0.65 compared with 0.33 in humans. The T. cruzi clone 43 (TcIIe) was not detected in blood samples; nevertheless, it was present at a rate of 0.17 in T. infestans feces. In conclusion, the T. cruzi clones are associated to each host, suggesting that selective amplification of clones occurs in human and triatomines.

Received April 29, 2005. Accepted for publication January 13, 2006.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Carezza Botto-Mahan and M. Leonor Bustamante for valuable comments on this manuscript.

Financial support: This work was supported by Grants DI-Sal 03/06-2, Fondecyt 1040731, and Fondecyt 1040762. Additional support was obtained from the following grants Postgraduate Department fellowship PG/83/2003, University of Chile.

^* Address correspondence to Aldo Solari, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 70086 Santiago 7. Chile, E-mail: asolari{at}med.uchile.cl

Authors’ addresses: Ximena Coronado, Marlene Rozas, Sylvia Ortiz, Gittith Sanchez, Helena Albrecht, and Aldo Solari, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 70086 Santiago 7, Chile, E-mail: asolari{at}med.uchile.cl. Ines Zulantay and Werner Apt, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 9183 Santiago, Chile, E-mail: wapt{at}med.uchile.cl. Jorge Rodriguez. Public Health School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 9183 Santiago 7, Chile, E-mail: jrodrigu{at}med.uchile.cl.

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