AJTMH Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 74(5), 2006, pp. 856-862
Copyright © 2006 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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SOCIOECONOMIC AND BEHAVIOR RISK FACTORS OF HUMAN ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN TIBETAN COMMUNITIES IN SICHUAN, PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

QIAN WANG, JIAMIN QIU, WEN YANG, PETER M. SCHANTZ, FRANCIS RAOUL, PHILIP S. CRAIG, PATRICK GIRAUDOUX, AND DOMINIQUE A. VUITTON*
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Santé et Environnement Rural-Université de Franche-Comté (SERF) and Laboratoire de Biologie Environnementale (LBE) Unité sous contrat avec l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Usc INRA) Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom

Data from two cross-sectional investigations on 7,138 subjects were used to explore risk factors of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Tibetan communities. The overall human AE prevalence was 3.1% (223 of 7,138), females had a higher prevalence (3.6%, 132 of 3,713) than males (2.7%, 91 of 3,425; P = 0.011), and herdsmen had a higher prevalence (5.2%, 154 of 2,955) than farmers (1.8%, 12 of 661; P < 0.001) and urban populations (2.1%, 49 of 2,360; P < 0.001). Age in all populations, number of dogs kept, fox skin ownership in farmers, not preventing flies from landing on food in herdsmen, using open streams as drinking water sources, and playing with dogs in urban populations were statistically significant risk factors. The results suggest that AE is highly endemic in the eastern Tibetan plateau, in Sichuan Province, the role of the dog is important for human infection, and other factors associated with environmental contamination may vary according to structure and practices of communities.

Received February 11, 2005. Accepted for publication September 8, 2005.

Financial support: The research was supported by the Thrasher Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation (Ecology of Transmission of Infectious Diseases Program), and the Sichuan Provincial Health Department. Qian Wang was supported by a PhD grant from the French Embassy, French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in Beijing, People’s Republic of China.

* Address correspondence to Dominique A. Vuitton, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Research Unit, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France. E-mail: dominique.vuitton{at}univ-fcomte.fr

Authors’ addresses: Qian Wang, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis; SERF and LBE Usc INRA Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France and Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 10, University Road, Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China, Telephone: 86-28-8544-5580, Fax: 86-28-8543-8409, E-mail: wangqian67{at}yahoo.com.cn. Jiamin Qiu and Wen Yang, Institute for Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Telephone: 86-28-8544-5580, Fax: 86-28-8543-8409, E-mails: qjm{at}mail.sc.cninfo.net.cn and wweennyang{at}tom.com. Peter M. Schantz, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, Telephone: 770-488-7767, Fax: 770-488-7761, E-mail: pms1{at}cdc.gov. Francis Raoul, Patrick Giraudoux, and Dominique A. Vuitton, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Research Unit, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France, Telephone: 33-03-81-66-57-36, Fax: 33-03-81-66-57-97, E-mails: francis.raoul{at}univ-fcomte.fr, patrick.giraudoux{at}univ-fcomte.fr, and dominique.vuitton{at}univ-fcomte.fr. Philip S. Craig, Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford MS4WT, UK, Telephone: 44-0161-295-5488, Fax: 44-0161-295-5210, E-mail: p.s.craig{at}salford.ac.uk.






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