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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 74(5), 2006, pp. 766-771
Copyright © 2006 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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EXTINCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL TRIATOMA INFESTANS POPULATIONS FOLLOWING CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO DOGS WEARING DELTAMETHRIN-TREATED COLLARS

RICHARD REITHINGER*, LEONARDO CEBALLOS, RAÚL STARIOLO, CLIVE R. DAVIES, AND RICARDO E. GÜRTLER
Department of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Vector Control Coordination, Centre for Chagas Disease Reservoirs and Vectors, Córdoba, Argentina

Dogs are domestic reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. We evaluated the effect of deltamethrin-treated dog collars (DTDCs) over time on the population dynamics of Triatoma infestans, a main T. cruzi vector. Forty founder bugs of mixed life stages were allowed to colonize mud-thatched experimental huts and exposed continuously to either uncollared control dogs (N = 3) or dogs wearing DTDCs (N = 7) for a period of up to 196 days. When compared with bugs exposed to control dogs, bugs exposed to collared dogs were shown to have reduced feeding success (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.63; P < 0.001) and lower survival (OR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.08–0.29; P < 0.001); in fact, all of the bug populations exposed to collared dogs became extinct 77–196 days after study initiation. Bugs exposed to DTDC-wearing dogs were also shown to have a lower fecundity (i.e., number of eggs produced per live female bug: OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51–0.81; P < 0.001) and molting rate to first-instar nymphs (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13–0.75; P < 0.01) than those bugs exposed to control dogs. DTDCs could represent a novel tool to prevent and control canine and (hence) human Chagas disease.

Received September 19, 2005. Accepted for publication January 13, 2006.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Isaac Ochoa, Héctor Zamora, and Delmi Canale for logistical support and are grateful to Dr. Rupert Quinnell and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript.

Financial support: This study was funded by the Sir Halley Stewart Trust (Cambridge, UK). R.E.G. is a member of the CONICET’s Researcher’s Career Program. This study was supported by awards from the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Técnica (Argentina), and University of Buenos Aires. Ricardo E. Gürtler and Leonardo Ceballos were supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease program award ROI TW05836 funded by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Uriel Kitron and Ricardo E. Gürtler, co-PI).

* Address correspondence to Richard Reithinger, 807 S. Overlook Drive, Alexandria VA 22305. E-mail: rreithinger{at}yahoo.co.uk

Authors’ addresses: Richard Reithinger, 807 S. Overlook Drive, Alexandria, VA 22305. Leonardo Ceballos and Richard E. Gürtler, Departamento de Ecologia, Genética e Evolución, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428 EHA, Argentina. Raül Stariolo, National Vector Control Centre, Córdoba, Argentina. Clive R. Davies, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.

Reprint requests: Richard Reithinger, 807 S. Overlook Drive, Alexandria, VA 22305, E-mail: rreithinger{at}yahoo.co.uk.




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Copyright © 2006 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.