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The main vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae, is subdivided into five chromosomal forms. Three of them (i.e., BAMAKO, SAVANNA, and MOPTI) are found in sympatry in Mali, where MOPTI can be distinguished from the other two forms based on differences in the ribosomal DNA locus. However, no molecular markers are available to distinguish BAMAKO from SAVANNA. We examined the banding patterns of 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism primer combinations in an attempt to identify diagnostic differences between SAVANNA and BAMAKO. Despite screening > 10,000 bands, no diagnostic differences were found. However, additional AFLP analyses indicated that BAMAKO is genetically differentiated from SAVANNA, with a significant 
st value of 0.072. This could indicate that gene flow between these forms is restricted in at least some portion of the genome and the lack of identifiable fixed differences between the two forms is probably due to their recent origin.
Received August 9, 2005. Accepted for publication November 19, 2005.
Acknowledgments: We are very grateful to Gregory Lanzaro for providing part of the mosquito samples used in this study. We also thank Jeffrey Powell for general support of the work and Frederic Tripet, Jonathan Marshall, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments to improve the manuscript.
Financial support: This work was supported by World Health Organization Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (Tropical Disease Research) grant 941584980800101 to Adalgisa Caccone. Michel Slotman was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 46018 to Jeffrey Powell and by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fellowship Training Program in Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (T01/CCT122306). Alesssandra Della Torre was supported by the United Nations Development Program/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases and by MUIR/COFIN funds.
* Address correspondence to Michel A. Slotman, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511-7444. E-mail: michel.slotman{at}yale.edu
Authors’ addresses; Michel A. Slotman, Monique M. Mendez, and Adalgisa Caccone, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven CT 06511-7444, Telephone: 203-432-5259, E-mail: michel.slotman{at}yale.edu. Alessandra della Torre, Instituto di Parassitologia, Fondazione Pasteur-Conci Bolognetti, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. Guimogo Dolo, Départment d’ Epidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires, Ecole Nationale de Médicine et de Pharmacie, Bamako, BP 1805 Mali. Yeya T. Touré, World Health Organization, Geneva, CH 1211 27, Switzerland.
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