AJTMH Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 74(3), 2006, pp. 509-515
Copyright © 2006 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B MENINGITIS AMONG CHILDREN IN HANOI, VIETNAM: EPIDEMIOLOGIC PATTERNS AND ESTIMATES OF H. INFLUENZAE TYPE B DISEASE BURDEN

DANG D. ANH, PAUL E. KILGORE*, WILLIAM A. KENNEDY, BATMUNKH NYAMBAT, HOANG T. LONG, LUIS JODAR, JOHN D. CLEMENS, JOEL I. WARD THE VIETNAM INVASIVE BACTERIAL DISEASE SURVEILLANCE NETWORK{dagger}
Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Division of Translational Research, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Vaccine Research, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California

From March 2000 to February 2002, a population-based study of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis was conducted among children less than five years of age in Hanoi, Vietnam. Children with suspected bacterial meningitis were referred to hospitals and each patient underwent standardized clinical examination and microbiologic testing. In Hanoi, 580 children were evaluated for bacterial meningitis and 23 (4%) had confirmed or probable Hib meningitis. The incidence of all Hib meningitis was 12/100,000 child-years less than five years of age and 26/100,000 child-years less than two years of age. Nationally, an estimated 1,005 children less than five years of age are hospitalized for Hib meningitis and 5,107 are hospitalized for Hib pneumonia. Among children with Hib meningitis, at least 100 will develop severe neurologic sequelae and 40 will die. These data suggest there is a substantial burden of Hib disease in Vietnam. National leaders will be provided with these data to facilitate development of national vaccination policies for children in Vietnam.

Received September 28, 2005. Accepted for publication October 20, 2005.

Acknowledgments: We thank Professor Dang Duc Trach, Duc Thang Bui, and Dr. Dinh Thiem Vu for their support in development of the study protocol and field site; Dr. Hoa Thi Lan Nguyen, Dr. Cong Khanh Nguyen, Anh Thi Hien Nguyen, Dr. Anh Thi Ngan Nguyen, Dr. Huong Thu Vu, Thi Tuyet Phi, and Dr. Huong Le Thanh Pham for assistance in study monitoring and technical support for surveillance; Dr. Hai Feng Hwang, Dr. Susan Partridge, Jennie Jing, Swei-Ju Chang, and Dr. Joo Yeun Kim for work in planning the study and development of study operating procedures, data forms, data entry systems, and laboratory database management; and Dr. Eunsik Park and Deok-Ryun Kim for statistical and database management consultation. We sincerely thank Professor E. Kim Mulholland, Professor Ron Dagan, Dr. Jay Wenger, and Professor Zhi Yi Xu for their counsel during development of the International Vaccine Institute multi-country Hib surveillance studies. We also thank Min Kyoung Oh for help in preparing this manuscript, Helen Kim for ethical guidance, and Kathy Murray for editorial review of this manuscript.

Financial support: This study was supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Children’s Vaccine Program at Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Merck Vaccines, and Wyeth Vaccines. The American Committee on Clinical Tropical Medicine and Travelers’ Health (ACCTMTH) assisted with publication expenses.

Disclosure: Paul E. Kilgore is currently conducting research supported in part by GlaxoSmithKline Biological, Wyeth Vaccines, and Sanofi-Aventis. This statement is made in the interest of full disclosure and not because the author considers this to be a conflict of interest.

* Address correspondence to Paul E. Kilgore, Division of Translational Research, International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-Ku P.O. Box 14, Seoul, Republic of Korea 151-600. E-mail: pkilgore{at}ivi.int

{dagger} The Vietnam Invasive Bacterial Disease Surveillance Network; National Pediatric Hospital: Cong Khanh Nguyen, Thi Thi Ngo, Thu Hang Dang, Thi Lich Bui, Thi Suu Pham, Ngoc Khanh Nguyen, Van Lam Nguyen, Thi Hoan Phung, Thi San Luong, Khanh Dung Khu, Kim Nga Nguyen, Tran Van Ung, and Nguyen Thi Linh; St. Paul Hospital: Huyen Thi Minh Nguyen, Vinh Lai Nong, Sam Thi Do, Hoa Mai Nguyen, Uong Bao Nguyen, Lam Thanh Tran, Thoa Kim Nguyen, Thao Thi Bui, Cach Thi Do, Thoa Thi Nguyen, Khanh Ngoc Nguyen, Vinh Le, Thanh Thi Ngo, Siu Thi Nguyen, Anh Thuy Nguyen, Van Bich Trang, Thanh Trung Nguyen, Nhi Y Pham Nguyen, Tang Duy Nguyen, Hanh Nha Phung, Hong Thu Nguyen, Nhan Thanh Nguyen, Long Duy Ta, Duc Van Dao, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Ngoc Hong Nguyen, Van Bich Nguyen, Dieu Thu Nguyen, Dung Thi Nguyen, Tam Thi Nguyen, Nga Thi Nguyen, Binh Thi Nguyen, Nga Phi Nguyen, Thanh Thi Le, Phuc Thi Nguyen, Lung Thi Nguyen, Tan Thi Le, Hoa Xuan Nguyen, Hoan Thi Nguyen, Thuy Thanh Nguyen, Minh Van Nguyen, Thu Minh Hoang, Lien Thi Tran, Duong Thuy Bui, Thuy Thi Nguyen, Diep Ngoc Do Pham, Nga Phuong Nguyen, Hien Phuong Le, Truong Thi Nguyen, Cam Thuy Ngo, Thinh Thi Nguyen, Thai Thi Nguyen, Tuyet Anh Luong Phan, Gian Thi Luong, Anh Hai Nguyen, Huong Thien Nguyen, Huong Thanh Nguyen, and Ngoc Thi Nguyen; Hanoi City Health Department: Quy Tran, Tien Dung Nguyen, Tien Dung Do, Van Bang Nguyen, Thuy Tai Le, Van Nam Nguyen, Xuan Quang Nguyen, Mai Phuong Doan, Nguyen Thi Lien, Khac Trieu Nguyen, Anh Tuan Le, Nguyen Duc Binh, Thi Tan Nguyen, Ming Hai Nguyen, Thau Van Nguyen, Dai Dong Nguyen, Ngoc Hung Nguyen, Ha Tien Lam, Anh Thieu Cu, Dan Thi Nguyen, Binh Quyet Dinh, Minh Ngoc Nguyen, Thi Mai Nguyen, Mai Lan Nguyen, Ngoc Bich Nguyen, Thi Thi Nguyen, Thi Xuyen Nguyen, Thi Chi Nguyen, Hai Minh Nguyen, Thi Dung Nguyen, Long Tuan Nguyen, Van Khanh Nguyen, Tho Duc Le, and Hong Xuan Doan.

Authors’ addresses: Dang D. Anh, Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Vietnam 10,000, Telephone: 844-971-6009, Fax: 844-971-6485, E-mail: ducanhnihe{at}hn.vnn.vn. Paul E. Kilgore, Nyambat Batmunkh, Luis Jodar, and John D. Clemens, Divisional of Translational Research, International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-Ku P.O. Box 14, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 151-600, Telephone: 822-872-2801, Fax: 822-872-2803, E-mails: pkilgore{at}ivi.int, bnyam{at}ivi.int, ljodar{at}ivi.int, and jclemens{at}ivi.int. William A. Kennedy and Joel I. Ward, UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, Liu Research Building (RB3), 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, Telephone: 310-781-3636, Fax: 310-972-2962, E-mails: wkennedy{at}uclacvr.labiomed.org and jward{at}uclacvr.labiomed.org. Hoang T. Long, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Vietnam 10,000, Telephone: 844-971-6009, Fax: 844-971-6485, E-mail: nihe{at}hn.vnn.vn.

Reprint requests: Paul E. Kilgore, Divisional of Translational Research, International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-Ku P.O. Box 14, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 151-600, E-mail: pkilgore{at}ivi.int.






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