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ENHANCEMENT OF SPLENIC GLUCOSE METABOLISM DURING ACUTE MALARIAL INFECTION: CORRELATION OF FINDINGS OF FDG-PET IMAGING WITH PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN A PRIMATE MODEL OF SEVERE HUMAN MALARIA

In the current study, to elucidate the clinical features of severe malaria, we performed whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) of Plasmodium coatneyi–infected acute-phase Japanese macaques. The infected monkeys clearly exhibited increase in splenic FDG uptake indicating marked enhancement of glucose metabolism. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the spleen in the infected monkeys were significantly higher than those in the uninfected monkey. At autopsy, splenomegaly was clearly present in all infected monkeys, and histopathologic findings included hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in white pulp, a large number of activated macrophage, and congestion of parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) and malaria pigments in red pulp. We suggest that increase in splenic glucose uptake may thus be closely related to activation of splenic clearance system against blood-stage malarial parasites.

Received June 1, 2004. Accepted for publication August 12, 2005.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Professor Fumio Goto and Dr. Hideaki Obata for their instruction on anesthesia, Dr. Akihiro Ichikawa, Ms. Erika Misaki, Mr. Nao Taguchi, and Ms. Kyoko Ohta for their help in the experiments, and Dr. Masamichi Aikawa, Dr. Kenjiro Matsuno, Dr. Noboru Oriuchi, and Dr. Hiroshi Kageyama for their valuable advice.

Financial support: This work was supported by grants from the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (11307004) and (C) (12670239) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan, and a grant for Research on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (H12-Shinkou-17).

^* Address correspondence to Satoru Kawai, Departments of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan. E-mail: skawai{at}dokkyomed.ac.jp

Author’s addresses: Satoru Kawai, Jun Matsumoto, and Hajime Matsuda, Departments of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan, Fax: 81-282-86-6431, E-mails: skawai{at}dokkyomed.ac.jp, junmatsu222{at}hotmail.com, and hmatsuda{at}dokkyomed.ac.jp. Eiji Ikeda, Munehiro Sugiyama, Ken Katakura, and Mamoru Suzuki, Departments of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan, Fax: 81-27-220-8025, E-mails: ikedaeiji{at}happytown.ne.jp, musugijp{at}yahoo.co.jp, kenkata{at}med.gunma-u.ac.jp, and suzuki{at}med.gunma-u.ac.jp. Tetsuya Higuchi, Hong Zhang, Nasim Khan, and Keigo Endo, Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan, Fax: 81-27-220-8025, E-mails: tetsuyah{at}showa.gunma-u.ac.jp, zhang{at}med.gunma-u.ac.jp, nasim{at}med.gunma-u.ac.jp, and endo{at}pop.med.gunma-u.ac.jp. Katsumi Tomiyoshi, Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, 1-83-8 Takashimadaira, Tokyo 175-0082, Japan, Fax: 81-282-86-6431, E-mail: tomiyoshi{at}ncdic.org. Tomio In-oue, Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan, Fax: 81-282-86-6431, E-mail: tomioi{at}med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp. Haruyasu Yamaguchi, Department of Physical Therapy, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan, Fax: 81-27-220-8999, E-mail: yamaguti{at}health.gunma-u.ac.jp.

Reprint requests: Satoru Kawai, Departments of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan, Fax: +81-282-86-6431, E-mail: skawai{at}dokkyomed.ac.jp.

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