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LIMITED ALLELIC DIVERSITY OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN 1 GENE FROM POPULATIONS IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS

Meiotic recombination generates allelic diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) gene. In this study, we monitored recombination-based diversity of msp1 in Guadalcanal, the Solomon Islands, where malaria transmission is high. We identified 5' recombinant types, 3' sequence types, and msp1 haplotypes (unique associations of 5' recombinant types and 3' sequence types), and compared them with those from areas of low transmission in Thailand and Vanuatu. The mean number of 5' recombinant types per person (multiplicity) was lower in Guadalcanal than in Thailand. Guadalcanal populations had 6–8 msp1 haplotypes; the numbers are comparable to Vanuatu but much lower than in Thailand. There were marked geographic differences in distribution of msp1 haplo-types. Linkage disequilibrium in msp1 was stronger in Guadalcanal than in Thailand, suggesting limited recombination events in the Solomon Islands. We suggest that the frequency of recombination events in msp1 is determined not only by transmission intensity but by the number of msp1 alleles prevalent and multiplicity of infections.

Received March 14, 2005. Accepted for publication August 31, 2005.

Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. Akira Kaneko for useful comments, and Dr. Tetsuya Hattori for suggestions about statistical analysis. We also thank all blood donors who participated in this study.

Financial support: This work was supported by a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (no. 14021125), and by a grant for Scientific Research (C) from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (no. 15590377).

^* Address correspondence to Kazuyuki Tanabe, Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan. E-mail: kztanabe{at}ge.oit.ac.jp

Authors’ addresses: Naoko Sakihama and Kazuyuki Tanabe, Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan. Hiroshi Ohmae, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan. Bernard Bakote’e, Solomon Islands Medical Training and Research Institute, P.O. Box 349, Honiara, Solomon Islands. Masato Kawabata, International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. Kenji Hirayama, Department of Molecular Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.

Reprint requests: Kazuyuki Tanabe, Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan, Telephone/Fax: 81-6-6954-4385, E-mail: kztanabe{at}ge.oit.ac.jp.

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