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To examine the impact of tropical rain-forest destruction on malaria, we conducted a year-long study of the rates at which the primary malaria vector in the Amazon, Anopheles darlingi, fed on humans in areas with varying degrees of ecological alteration in the Peruvian Amazon. Mosquitoes were collected by human biting catches along the Iquitos-Nauta road at sites selected for type of vegetation and controlled for human presence. Deforested sites had an A. darlingi biting rate that was more than 278 times higher than the rate determined for areas that were predominantly forested. Our results indicate that A. darlingi displays significantly increased human-biting activity in areas that have undergone deforestation and development associated with road development.
Received March 3, 2005. Accepted for publication October 12, 2005.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank the following people who were instrumental in the success of the study: the field team in Peru; colleagues at PRISMA (Proyectos en Informatica, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura) and Johns Hopkins; Dr. Adeline Chan and Faustino Carbajal of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute Detachment; and the Peruvian Ministry of Health. We are grateful for Dr. William Pan’s guidance on spatial statistics.
Financial support: We are grateful to the New York Community Trust and to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for financial support for this project.
* Address correspondence to Jonathan A. Patz, Associate Professor and Director, Global Environmental Health, Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and the Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1710 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53726. E-mail: patz{at}wisc.edu
Authors’ addresses: Amy Yomiko Vittor, 10970 International Blvd. #312, Oakland, CA 94603, Telephone: (443) 472-2275, E-mail: avittor{at}stanford.edu. Robert H. Gilman, Professor, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room 5515, Baltimore, MD 21205, Telephone: (410) 955-6964, E-mail: rgilman{at}prisma.org.pe. James Tielsch, Professor, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205, Telephone: (410) 955-2436, Fax: (410) 955-2029, E-mail: jtielsch{at}jhsph.edu. Gregory Glass, Professor, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E5132, Baltimore, MD 21205, Telephone: (410) 955-3708, Fax: (410) 955-0105, E-mail: gglass{at}jhsph.edu. Tim Shields, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, Telephone: (410) 614-7795, E-mail: tshields{at}jhsph.edu. Wagner Sanchez Lozano, Calle Carlos Gonzales 251, Urbanizacion Maranga, Lima, Peru, Telephone: (51) (1) 464-0490, Fax: (51) (1) 464-0781, E-mail: Kmauricio01{at}hotmail.com. Viviana Pinedo-Cancino, Calle Carlos Gonzales 251, Urbanizacion Maranga, Lima, Peru, Telephone: (51) (1) 464-0490, Fax: (51) (1) 464-0781, E-mail: vivi_vane{at}hotmail.com. Jonathan A. Patz, Associate Professor and Director, Global Environmental Health, Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and the Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1710 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53726, Telephone: 608-262-4775, Fax: 608-265-4113, E-mail: patz{at}wisc.edu.
Reprint requests: Jonathan A. Patz, Associate Professor and Director, Global Environmental Health, Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and the Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1710 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53726, Telephone: 608-262-4775, Fax: 608-265-4113, E-mail: patz{at}wisc.edu.
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