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ASSOCIATION OF HAPTOGLOBIN LEVELS WITH AGE, PARASITE DENSITY, AND HAPTOGLOBIN GENOTYPE IN A MALARIA-ENDEMIC AREA OF GABON

FREYA J. I. FOWKES, HEATHER IMRIE, FLORENCE MIGOT-NABIAS, PASCAL MICHON, ANITA JUSTICE, PHILLIPE DELORON, ADRIAN J. F. LUTY, AND KAREN P. DAY^*

Haptoglobin (Hp) levels were investigated in relation to host genotype in a malaria-endemic area in Gabon. A cross-sectional study of 1–12-year-old children was conducted in the rainy season, a period of high malaria transmission, to examine this relationship. Variables that influenced Hp levels were Hp genotype, location, and age interacting with parasite density. At low parasite densities, there was a negative correlation between Hp levels and age. At higher densities, there was a positive correlation with age. This suggests that in the presence of greater parasite-induced hemolysis, older children are capable of increased production of Hp. Sickle cell trait and ABO blood group was not associated with Hp levels in this population.

Received January 18, 2005. Accepted for publication August 29, 2005.

Acknowledgments: We are grateful to the children and their families of Bakoumba and Dienga for their willing participation in the study. We thank Justice Mayombo, Faustin Lekoulou, and Hubert Moukana for excellent technical assistance and Dr. René Nabias for determination of ABO blood groups and hemoglobin phenotypes. We also thank Jean Bourgeais, (Societe d’Exploitation des Produits Alimentaires) for his logistical support in Bakoumba.

Financial support: This study was supported by The Wellcome Trust and the European Union INCO Programme (contract no. IC18-CT98-0359).

These authors contributed equally to this work.

^* Address correspondence to Karen P. Day, Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010. E-mail: karen.day{at}med.nyu.edu

Authors’ addresses: Freya J. I. Fowkes and Karen P. Day, Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, Telephone: 212-263-6800, Fax: 212-263-8116, E-mails: freya.fowkes{at}med.nyu.edu and karen.day{at}med.nyu.edu. Heather Imrie and Anita Justice, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3SY, United Kingdom, E-mails: heather.imrie{at}medawar.ox.ac.uk and neatsey{at}hotmail.com. Florence Migot-Nabias, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 10, BP 1386, CP 18524 Dakar, Senegal, Telephone: 221-849-36-11, Fax: 221-832-43-07, E-mail: migot{at}ndakaru.ird.sn. Pascal Michon, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 378, Madang 511, Papua New Guinea, Telephone: 675-852-2909, Fax: 675-852-3289, E-mail: pmichon{at}datec.net.pg. Philippe Deloron, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 10 Mother and Child in the Tropics, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France, Telephone: 33-1-53-73-96-22, Fax: 33-1-53-73-96-17, E-mail: philippe.deloron{at}ird.fr. Adrian J. F. Luty, Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre, St. Radboud, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, E-mail: a.luty{at}mmb.umcn.nl.

Reprint requests: Karen P. Day, Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010.

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