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While many countries struggle to control malaria, four countries, Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam, have successfully reduced malaria burden. To determine what led these countries to achieve impact, published and unpublished reports were reviewed and selected program and partner staff were interviewed to identify common factors that contributed to these successes. Common success factors included conducive country conditions, a targeted technical approach using a package of effective tools, data-driven decision-making, active leadership at all levels of government, involvement of communities, decentralized implementation and control of finances, skilled technical and managerial capacity at national and sub-national levels, hands-on technical and programmatic support from partner agencies, and sufficient and flexible financing. All these factors were essential in achieving success. If the goals of Roll Back Malaria are to be achieved, governments and their partners must take the lessons learned from these program successes and apply them in other affected countries.
Received August 8, 2005. Accepted for publication August 29, 2005.
Acknowledgments: I thank the following individuals for providing information and additional unpublished materials for the preparation of this report: Tewolde Gebremeskel (NMCP, Eritrea); Eugene Brantly (Research Triangle Institute, Washington, DC); Jotna Sokhey, (National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, India); Eva Jarawan, Alexandre Abrantes, Son Nam Nguyen, K. Sudhakar, Anabela Abreu, Suprotik Basu, and Olusoji Adeyi (World Bank, Washington, DC). I also thank Martin Alilio and Susan Zimicki (Academy for Educational Development) for their critical review of the manuscript.
Financial support: This work was supported by the Human Development Network, World Bank (Washington, DC) and the Global Health, Population, and Nutrition Group, Academy for Educational Development (Washington, DC).
Disclosure: The author wishes to disclose that he serves as a consultant to the World Bank. This statement is made in the interest of full disclosure and not because the author considers this to be a conflict of interest.
* Address correspondence to Lawrence M. Barat, Global Health, Population, and Nutrition Group Academy for Educational Development, 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009. E-mail: lbarat{at}aed.org
Author’s address: Lawrence M. Barat, Global Health, Population, and Nutrition Group Academy for Educational Development, 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009, Telephone: 202-884-8000, Fax: 202-884-8977, E-mail: lbarat{at}aed.org.
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