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PLASMODIUM VIVAX: TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING IMMUNITY IN A MALARIA-ENDEMIC AREA OF COLOMBIA

Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking activity was assessed in sera from acutely infected patients from a malaria-endemic area in Colombia. We measured reduction in the number of oocysts that developed in the midguts of Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes artificially fed with blood from these patients. Of 88 mosquito batches that developed infections when parasites were mixed with normal AB human serum, one-third (36.4%) showed full transmission-blocking activity ( 90% inhibition) when mixed with autologous sera, 29.6% showed partial activity (50–89%), 17.0% did not block transmission (0–50%), and 17% did not enhance transmission. Transmission-blocking activity correlated with antibody titer by an immunofluorescent antibody test and decreased with the serial dilution of the sera. This activity disappeared at a 1:4 dilution in most sera tested. Afro-Colombian individuals showed lower activity than other ethnic groups and febrile patients produced stronger inhibition than those without fever.

Received May 13, 2005. Accepted for publication June 29, 2005.

Acknowledgments: We thank the community of Buenaventura for providing infected samples for this study, and Einer Celório and Sandra Preciado (Entomology Unit, Malaria Vaccine Development Branch) for technical assistance during these experiments.

Financial support: This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases through Tropical Medicine Research Centers grant no. 49486 and the World Health Organization/ Tropical Diseases Research Special Program (Research Capability Strengthening contract no. MVDC 991006).

^* Address correspondence to Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Instituto de Inmunología, Edificio de Microbiología, Tercer Piso, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Sede San Fernando, AA 25574, Cali, Colombia. E-mail: marevalo{at}inmuno.org

Authors’ addresses: Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Yezid Solarte, Felipe Zamora, Maria Fernanda Yasnot, Leonardo Rocha, and Sócrates Herrera, Instituto de Inmunología, Edificio de Microbiología, Tercer Piso, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Sede San Fernando, AA 25574, Cali, Colombia, Telephone: 57-2-558-1931, Fax: 57-2-557-0449, E-mail: marevalo{at}inmuno.org and Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Carrera 35 No 4A-53, AA 26020, Cali, Colombia, Telephone: 57-2-5583937, Fax: 57-2-5560141. Fabián Mendez, School of Public Health, Universidad del Valle, Sede San Fernando, AA 26020, Cali, Telephone: 57-2 558-1931 extension 107, Fax: 57-2-558-1931. Carole Long and Louis H. Miller, Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, Telephone: 301-4352177, Fax: 301-435-2177, E-mail: lmiller{at}niaid.nih.gov.

Reprint requests: Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Testing Center, Cra 35, No. 4A-53, Cali, Colombia.

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