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INDUCTION OF TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING IMMUNITY IN AOTUS MONKEYS BY VACCINATION WITH A PLASMODIUM VIVAX CLINICAL GRADE PVS25 RECOMBINANT PROTEIN

Aotus monkeys were used to determine the immunogenicity of Pvs25 protein expressed in the zygote/ookinete surface. Animals were immunized in three times with 100 µg of Pvs25 formulated in Montanide ISA-720. Antibodies to Pvs25 detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay appeared by day 30 after the first immunization, with a peak of antibodies levels on day 150. These antibodies were still detectable on day 300. Plasma samples on day 150 from experimental group were able to completely block the development of the parasite in Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes artificially fed with human isolates of Plasmodium vivax. Immunized Aotus monkeys were infected with blood forms of the P. vivax Salvador I strain and no boosting effect of blood infection on titers of antibodies to Pvs25 was observed despite the presence of infective gametocytes. In conclusion, Pvs25 protein formulated in Montanide ISA-720 induces efficient and long-lasting transmission-blocking antibodies that cannot be boosted by parasite infection.

Received April 13, 2005. Accepted for publication June 6, 2005.

Acknowledgments: We thank G. Quintero (Primate Center of Universidad del Valle) and Z. Castillo and C. Prieto (Entomology Unit, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center) for technical assistance during these experiments. We are grateful to the patients that provided gametocyte-carrying samples and to Dr. W. Collins (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA) for providing the P. vivax Sal I strain. María Fernanda Yasnot was recipient of a fellowship from the Colombian Research Council.

Financial support: This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases through Tropical Medicine Research Centers grant no. 49486 and by the World Health/Tropical Diseases Research Special Program (RCS contract no. MVDC 991006).

^* Address correspondence to Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Carrera 35 No 4A-53, AA 26020, Cali, Colombia. E-mail: marevalo{at}inmuno.org

Authors’ addresses: Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Yezid Solarte, María Fernanda Yasnot, Angélica Castellanos, Adriana Rincón and Sócrates Herrera, Instituto de Inmunología, Edificio de Microbiología, Tercer Piso, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Sede San Fernando, AA 25574, Cali, Colombia, Telephone: 57-2-558-1931, Fax: 57-2-557-0449, and Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Carrera 35 No 4A-53, AA 26020, Cali, Colombia, Telephone: 57-2-558-3937, Fax: 57-2-556-0141, E-mail: marevalo{at}inmuno.org. Allan Saul, Carole Long, and Louis Miller, Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, Telephone: 301-594-2701, Fax: 301-435-6725. Jianbing Mu, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, Telephone: 301-594-2701 Fax: 301-435-6725.