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AOTUS LEMURINUS GRISEIMEMBRA MONKEYS: A SUITABLE MODEL FOR PLASMODIUM VIVAX SPOROZOITE INFECTION

ALEJANDRO JORDAN-VILLEGAS, JUDITH CONSTANZA ZAPATA, ANILZA BONELO PERDOMO, GUSTAVO E. QUINTERO, YEZID SOLARTE, MYRIAM ARÉVALO-HERRERA, AND SÓCRATES HERRERA^*

This study describes a successful Plasmodium vivax sporozoite infection in Aotus lemurinus griseimembra. Twenty-eight naive or previously infected monkeys, either splenectomized or spleen intact, were inoculated intravenously or subcutaneously with Plasmodium vivax sporozoites of the Salvador I strain or with two wild isolates (VCC-4 and VCC-5; Vivax-Cali-Colombia). The monkeys were successfully infected regardless of the parasite strain, spleen presence, or inoculation route and showed prepatent periods that ranged from 16 to 89 days. Only one monkey inoculated intravenously failed to develop parasitemia. Since immune protection against malaria pre-erythrocytic forms is mediated by both helper and cytolytic T cells that may home in the spleen and P. vivax cultures are not yet available; the use of spleen-intact A. lemurinus griseimembra, susceptible to both adapted and non-adapted strains of P. vivax sporozoites, is a valuable model for evaluation of pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidates.

Received April 12, 2005. Accepted for publication June 7, 2005.

Acknowledgments: We acknowledge the participation of the community of Buenaventura, Colombia in the study. We thank Juana Vergara for sample collection at the malaria-endemic area, Silvia Hurtado and Blanca Flor Meneses for technical assistance, and Victor Salazar and Daniel Marin for care and handling of the monkeys.

Financial support: This work was supported by grants from Instituto Colombiano Francisco Jose de Caldas para la Ciencia y la Tecnologia, the UNDP/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Tropical Medicien Research Centers contract no. AI-49486-02).

These authors contributed equally to this study.

^* Address correspondence to Sócrates Herrera, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cra 35 # 4A-53, AA 26020 Cali, Colombia. E-mail: sherrera{at}inmuno.org

Authors’ addresses: Alejandro Jordan-Villegas, Judith Constanza Zapata, Anilza Bonelo Perdomo, Gustavo E. Quintero, Yezid Solarte, Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, and Sócrates Herrera, Instituto de Inmunología, Calle 4B 36-00 Edificio de Microbiología Tercer Piso Facultad de Salud, Sede San Fernando, Universidad del Valle, AA 25574 Cali, Colombia, Telephone: 57-2-558-1931, Fax: 57-2-557-0449 and Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cra 35 # 4A-53, AA 26020 Cali, Colombia, Telephone: 57-2-558-3937, Fax: 57-2-556-0141, E-mail: sherrera{at}inmuno.org.

Reprint requests: Sócrates Herrera, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cra 35 # 4A-53, AA 26020 Cali, Colombia.