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Severe cases of hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis D virus (HDV) are often seen in the Brazilian Amazon, but there is a paucity of epidemiologic studies on viral hepatitis in this area. Thus, a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of markers for HBV and HDV was performed. Serum samples were collected after participants completed an epidemiologic questionnaire. Markers for HBV and HDV were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HBV genotype was determined by sequencing of the gene for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Of 2,656 samples, 89 (3.3%) were positive for HBsAg and 1,628 (61.5%) were positive for IgG antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Markers for HDV were found in 47 cases (1.7%). Antibodies to HDV were associated with Amerindian ethnic origin, a lower educational level, a history of acute viral hepatitis, a history of malaria, male sex, a history of tattooing, and older age. The most frequent HBV genotypes were A and F. This study showed a high prevalence of HBV and HDV in the western Brazilian Amazon, as well as the predominance of HBV genotypes A and F.
Received September 26, 2004. Accepted for publication March 9, 2005.
Financial support: This study was supported by the FUNASA Brazilian Health Ministry and CAPES/COFECUB 404/02.
* Address correspondence to Sebastião Viana, Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Federal University of Bahia, Av, Juracy Magalhes Jr. 2096, Sala 510, Salvador, Bahia, 41920000 Brazil. E-mail: viana{at}senado.gov.br
Authors’ addresses: Sebastião Viana, Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Federal University of Bahia, Av, Juracy Magalhes Jr. 2096, Sala 510, Salvador, Bahia 41920000 Brazil, Fax: 55-71-452-0747, E-mail: crebello{at}senado.gov.br. Raymundo Paraná, Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Federal Unioversity of Bahia, Av. Juracy Magalhães Jr. 2096, Sala 510 Salvador, Bahia 41920.000, Brazil, Fax: 55-71-353-4980, E-mail: rparana{at}ufba.br. Regina Célia Moreira, National Program on Viral Hepatitis, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Sobreloja, Brasilia DF 700000.000, Brazil, E-mail: moreira{at}ial.sp.gov.br. Adriana Parise Compri, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, Sao Paulo, SP 15000000, Brazil, E-mail: rmoreira{at}hotmail.com. Vanise Macedo, Nucleuo de Medicina Tropical da Universita Brasilia, Brasilia DF 700000.000, Brazil, E-mail: tropical{at}unb.com.br.
Reprint requests: Raymundo Paraná, Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Av. Juracy Magalhães Jr. 2096, Sala 510 Salvador, Bahia, 41920.000, Brazil, Fax: 55-71-353-4980, E-mail: unif{at}svn.com.br.
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